Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Study
(1) Purpose: Performing strenuous exercises negatively impacts the immune and gastrointestinal systems. These alterations cause transient immunodepression, increasing the risk of minor infections, especially in the upper respiratory tract. Recent studies have shown that supplementation of probiotics...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1478 |
| _version_ | 1797536068457725952 |
|---|---|
| author | Edgar Tavares-Silva Aline Venticinque Caris Samile Amorin Santos Graziela Rosa Ravacci Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos |
| author_facet | Edgar Tavares-Silva Aline Venticinque Caris Samile Amorin Santos Graziela Rosa Ravacci Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos |
| author_sort | Edgar Tavares-Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Purpose: Performing strenuous exercises negatively impacts the immune and gastrointestinal systems. These alterations cause transient immunodepression, increasing the risk of minor infections, especially in the upper respiratory tract. Recent studies have shown that supplementation of probiotics confers benefits to athletes. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to verify the effects of probiotic supplementation on cytokine production by monocytes and infections in the upper respiratory tract after an acute strenuous exercise. (2) Methods: Fourteen healthy male marathon runners received either 5 billion colony forming units (CFU) of a multi-strain probiotic, consisting of 1 billion CFU of each of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> LB-G80, <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> LPc-G110, <i>Lactococcus</i> subp. <i>lactis</i> LLL-G25, <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subp. <i>lactis</i> BL-G101, and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> BB-G90, or a placebo for 30 days before a marathon. Plasma cytokines, salivary parameters, glucose, and glutamine were measured at baseline, 24 h before, immediately after, and 1 h after the race. Subjects self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS—21). The statistical analyses comprised the general linear model (GLM) test followed by the Tukey post hoc and Student’s <i>t</i>-test with <i>p</i> < 0.05. (3) Results: URTI symptoms were significantly lower in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The IL-2 and IL-4 plasma cytokines were lower 24 h before exercise, while the other cytokines showed no significant differences. A lower level of IL-6 produced by monocytes was verified immediately after the race and higher IL-10 at 1 h post. No differences were observed in salivary parameters. Conclusion: Despite the low number of marathoners participating in the study, probiotic supplementation suggests its capability to preserve the functionality of monocytes and mitigate the incidence of URTI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:55:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8df75faf8ee480d9180fd4c8fd1bbca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:55:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8df75faf8ee480d9180fd4c8fd1bbca2023-11-21T17:25:23ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01135147810.3390/nu13051478Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo StudyEdgar Tavares-Silva0Aline Venticinque Caris1Samile Amorin Santos2Graziela Rosa Ravacci3Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos4Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, BrazilDepartment of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04032-020, BrazilDepartment of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, BrazilDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medicine Faculty, University of São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, BrazilDepartment of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil(1) Purpose: Performing strenuous exercises negatively impacts the immune and gastrointestinal systems. These alterations cause transient immunodepression, increasing the risk of minor infections, especially in the upper respiratory tract. Recent studies have shown that supplementation of probiotics confers benefits to athletes. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to verify the effects of probiotic supplementation on cytokine production by monocytes and infections in the upper respiratory tract after an acute strenuous exercise. (2) Methods: Fourteen healthy male marathon runners received either 5 billion colony forming units (CFU) of a multi-strain probiotic, consisting of 1 billion CFU of each of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> LB-G80, <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> LPc-G110, <i>Lactococcus</i> subp. <i>lactis</i> LLL-G25, <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subp. <i>lactis</i> BL-G101, and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> BB-G90, or a placebo for 30 days before a marathon. Plasma cytokines, salivary parameters, glucose, and glutamine were measured at baseline, 24 h before, immediately after, and 1 h after the race. Subjects self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS—21). The statistical analyses comprised the general linear model (GLM) test followed by the Tukey post hoc and Student’s <i>t</i>-test with <i>p</i> < 0.05. (3) Results: URTI symptoms were significantly lower in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The IL-2 and IL-4 plasma cytokines were lower 24 h before exercise, while the other cytokines showed no significant differences. A lower level of IL-6 produced by monocytes was verified immediately after the race and higher IL-10 at 1 h post. No differences were observed in salivary parameters. Conclusion: Despite the low number of marathoners participating in the study, probiotic supplementation suggests its capability to preserve the functionality of monocytes and mitigate the incidence of URTI.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1478nutritionprobioticsimmunologystrenuous exercisemonocytesURTI |
| spellingShingle | Edgar Tavares-Silva Aline Venticinque Caris Samile Amorin Santos Graziela Rosa Ravacci Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Study Nutrients nutrition probiotics immunology strenuous exercise monocytes URTI |
| title | Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Study |
| title_full | Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Study |
| title_short | Effect of Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on URTI Symptoms and Cytokine Production by Monocytes after a Marathon Race: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Study |
| title_sort | effect of multi strain probiotic supplementation on urti symptoms and cytokine production by monocytes after a marathon race a randomized double blind placebo study |
| topic | nutrition probiotics immunology strenuous exercise monocytes URTI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1478 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT edgartavaressilva effectofmultistrainprobioticsupplementationonurtisymptomsandcytokineproductionbymonocytesafteramarathonracearandomizeddoubleblindplacebostudy AT alineventicinquecaris effectofmultistrainprobioticsupplementationonurtisymptomsandcytokineproductionbymonocytesafteramarathonracearandomizeddoubleblindplacebostudy AT samileamorinsantos effectofmultistrainprobioticsupplementationonurtisymptomsandcytokineproductionbymonocytesafteramarathonracearandomizeddoubleblindplacebostudy AT grazielarosaravacci effectofmultistrainprobioticsupplementationonurtisymptomsandcytokineproductionbymonocytesafteramarathonracearandomizeddoubleblindplacebostudy AT ronaldovagnerthomatielisantos effectofmultistrainprobioticsupplementationonurtisymptomsandcytokineproductionbymonocytesafteramarathonracearandomizeddoubleblindplacebostudy |