| Summary: | <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> has been reported as a potent taxol producer based on quantitative analysis by TLC and HPLC. The biosynthetic potency of taxol has been validated from PCR detection of rate-limiting genes of taxol synthesis such as taxadienesynthase and 10-de-acetylbaccatin III-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT), which catalyzes the immediate diterpenoid precursor of the taxol substance, as detected by PCR. Taxol production by <i>P. chrysogenum</i> was assessed by growing the fungus on different media. Potato dextrose broth (PDB) was shown to be the best medium for obtaining the higher amount of taxol (170 µg/L). A stepwise optimization of culture conditions necessary for production of higher amounts of taxol was investigated. The substance taxol was produced optimally after 18 d of incubation at 30 °C in PDB adjusted initially at pH 8.0 with shaking (120 rpm) (250 µg/L). The <i>P. chrysogenum</i> taxol was purified successfully by HPLC. Instrumental analyzes such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, <sup>1</sup>HNMR and <sup>13</sup>C NMR approved the structural formula of taxol (C<sub>47</sub>H<sub>51</sub>NO<sub>14</sub>), as constructed by ChemDraw. The <i>P. chrysogenum</i> taxol showed promising anticancer activity.
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