Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by movement disorders, such as gait instability. This study investigated whether certain spatial features of foot trajectory are characteristic of patients with PD. The foot trajectory of patients with mild and advanced PD...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.726677/full |
| _version_ | 1811230852797956096 |
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| author | Taiki Ogata Hironori Hashiguchi Koyu Hori Yuki Hirobe Yumi Ono Hiroyuki Sawada Akira Inaba Satoshi Orimo Yoshihiro Miyake |
| author_facet | Taiki Ogata Hironori Hashiguchi Koyu Hori Yuki Hirobe Yumi Ono Hiroyuki Sawada Akira Inaba Satoshi Orimo Yoshihiro Miyake |
| author_sort | Taiki Ogata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by movement disorders, such as gait instability. This study investigated whether certain spatial features of foot trajectory are characteristic of patients with PD. The foot trajectory of patients with mild and advanced PD in on-state and healthy older and young individuals was estimated from acceleration and angular velocity measured by inertial measurement units placed on the subject’s shanks, just above the ankles. We selected six spatial variables in the foot trajectory: forward and vertical displacements from heel strike to toe-off, maximum clearance, and change in supporting leg (F1 to F3 and V1 to V3, respectively). Healthy young individuals had the greatest F2 and F3 values, followed by healthy older individuals, and then mild PD patients. Conversely, the vertical displacements of mild PD patients were larger than the healthy older individuals. Still, those of healthy older individuals were smaller than the healthy young individuals except for V3. All six displacements of the advanced PD patients were smaller than the mild PD patients. To investigate features in foot trajectories in detail, a principal components analysis and soft-margin kernel support vector machine was used in machine learning. The accuracy in distinguishing between mild PD patients and healthy older individuals and between mild and advanced PD patients was 96.3 and 84.2%, respectively. The vertical and forward displacements in the foot trajectory was the main contributor. These results reveal that large vertical displacements and small forward ones characterize mild and advanced PD patients, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:35:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8e91ea6291a4a49921bc4463ec07772 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:35:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8e91ea6291a4a49921bc4463ec077722022-12-22T03:36:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2022-05-011310.3389/fphys.2022.726677726677Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease PatientsTaiki Ogata0Hironori Hashiguchi1Koyu Hori2Yuki Hirobe3Yumi Ono4Hiroyuki Sawada5Akira Inaba6Satoshi Orimo7Yoshihiro Miyake8Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Computational Intelligence and System Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Computational Intelligence and System Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JapanParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by movement disorders, such as gait instability. This study investigated whether certain spatial features of foot trajectory are characteristic of patients with PD. The foot trajectory of patients with mild and advanced PD in on-state and healthy older and young individuals was estimated from acceleration and angular velocity measured by inertial measurement units placed on the subject’s shanks, just above the ankles. We selected six spatial variables in the foot trajectory: forward and vertical displacements from heel strike to toe-off, maximum clearance, and change in supporting leg (F1 to F3 and V1 to V3, respectively). Healthy young individuals had the greatest F2 and F3 values, followed by healthy older individuals, and then mild PD patients. Conversely, the vertical displacements of mild PD patients were larger than the healthy older individuals. Still, those of healthy older individuals were smaller than the healthy young individuals except for V3. All six displacements of the advanced PD patients were smaller than the mild PD patients. To investigate features in foot trajectories in detail, a principal components analysis and soft-margin kernel support vector machine was used in machine learning. The accuracy in distinguishing between mild PD patients and healthy older individuals and between mild and advanced PD patients was 96.3 and 84.2%, respectively. The vertical and forward displacements in the foot trajectory was the main contributor. These results reveal that large vertical displacements and small forward ones characterize mild and advanced PD patients, respectively.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.726677/fullfoot trajectorygaitinertial measurement unitParkinson’s diseaseforward displacementvertical displacement |
| spellingShingle | Taiki Ogata Hironori Hashiguchi Koyu Hori Yuki Hirobe Yumi Ono Hiroyuki Sawada Akira Inaba Satoshi Orimo Yoshihiro Miyake Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease Patients Frontiers in Physiology foot trajectory gait inertial measurement unit Parkinson’s disease forward displacement vertical displacement |
| title | Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease Patients |
| title_full | Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease Patients |
| title_fullStr | Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease Patients |
| title_short | Foot Trajectory Features in Gait of Parkinson’s Disease Patients |
| title_sort | foot trajectory features in gait of parkinson s disease patients |
| topic | foot trajectory gait inertial measurement unit Parkinson’s disease forward displacement vertical displacement |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.726677/full |
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