The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation
Insect growth is interrupted by molts, during which the insect develops a new exoskeleton. The exoskeleton confers protection and undergoes shedding between each developmental stage through an evolutionarily conserved and ordered sequence of behaviors, collectively referred to as ecdysis. Ecdysis is...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/8/711 |
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| author | Pooja Malhotra Saumik Basu |
| author_facet | Pooja Malhotra Saumik Basu |
| author_sort | Pooja Malhotra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insect growth is interrupted by molts, during which the insect develops a new exoskeleton. The exoskeleton confers protection and undergoes shedding between each developmental stage through an evolutionarily conserved and ordered sequence of behaviors, collectively referred to as ecdysis. Ecdysis is triggered by Ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) synthesized and secreted from peripheral Inka cells on the tracheal surface and plays a vital role in the orchestration of ecdysis in insects and possibly in other arthropod species. ETH synthesized by Inka cells then binds to ETH receptor (ETHR) present on the peptidergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) to facilitate synthesis of various other neuropeptides involved in ecdysis. The mechanism of ETH function on ecdysis has been well investigated in holometabolous insects such as moths <i>Manduca sexta</i> and <i>Bombyx mori</i>, fruit fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, the yellow fever mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and beetle <i>Tribolium castaneum etc. In contrast,</i> very little information is available about the role of ETH in sequential and gradual growth and developmental changes associated with ecdysis in hemimetabolous insects. Recent studies have identified ETH precursors and characterized functional and biochemical features of ETH and ETHR in a hemimetabolous insect, desert locust, <i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>. Recently, the role of ETH in Juvenile hormone (JH) mediated courtship short-term memory (STM) retention and long-term courtship memory regulation and retention have also been investigated in adult male <i>Drosophila</i>. Our review provides a novel synthesis of ETH signaling cascades and responses in various insects triggering diverse functions in adults and juvenile insects including their development and reproductive regulation and might allow researchers to develop sustainable pest management strategies by identifying novel compounds and targets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:51:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8eb0499f74f4490b23cb05a133709cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:51:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8eb0499f74f4490b23cb05a133709cf2023-11-19T01:37:03ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-08-0114871110.3390/insects14080711The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive RegulationPooja Malhotra0Saumik Basu1Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USADepartment of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAInsect growth is interrupted by molts, during which the insect develops a new exoskeleton. The exoskeleton confers protection and undergoes shedding between each developmental stage through an evolutionarily conserved and ordered sequence of behaviors, collectively referred to as ecdysis. Ecdysis is triggered by Ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) synthesized and secreted from peripheral Inka cells on the tracheal surface and plays a vital role in the orchestration of ecdysis in insects and possibly in other arthropod species. ETH synthesized by Inka cells then binds to ETH receptor (ETHR) present on the peptidergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) to facilitate synthesis of various other neuropeptides involved in ecdysis. The mechanism of ETH function on ecdysis has been well investigated in holometabolous insects such as moths <i>Manduca sexta</i> and <i>Bombyx mori</i>, fruit fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, the yellow fever mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and beetle <i>Tribolium castaneum etc. In contrast,</i> very little information is available about the role of ETH in sequential and gradual growth and developmental changes associated with ecdysis in hemimetabolous insects. Recent studies have identified ETH precursors and characterized functional and biochemical features of ETH and ETHR in a hemimetabolous insect, desert locust, <i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>. Recently, the role of ETH in Juvenile hormone (JH) mediated courtship short-term memory (STM) retention and long-term courtship memory regulation and retention have also been investigated in adult male <i>Drosophila</i>. Our review provides a novel synthesis of ETH signaling cascades and responses in various insects triggering diverse functions in adults and juvenile insects including their development and reproductive regulation and might allow researchers to develop sustainable pest management strategies by identifying novel compounds and targets.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/8/711Inka cellecdysis-triggering hormone20-hydroxy ecdysonejuvenile hormonefecunditycorazonin |
| spellingShingle | Pooja Malhotra Saumik Basu The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation Insects Inka cell ecdysis-triggering hormone 20-hydroxy ecdysone juvenile hormone fecundity corazonin |
| title | The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation |
| title_full | The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation |
| title_fullStr | The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation |
| title_short | The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation |
| title_sort | intricate role of ecdysis triggering hormone signaling in insect development and reproductive regulation |
| topic | Inka cell ecdysis-triggering hormone 20-hydroxy ecdysone juvenile hormone fecundity corazonin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/8/711 |
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