Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM Control
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) variable-rate spraying technology, as the development direction of aviation for plant protection in the future, has been developed rapidly in recent years. In the actual agricultural production, the severity of plant diseases and insect pests varies in different locatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/12/2482 |
| _version_ | 1818277228715180032 |
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| author | Sheng Wen Quanyong Zhang Jizhong Deng Yubin Lan Xuanchun Yin Jian Shan |
| author_facet | Sheng Wen Quanyong Zhang Jizhong Deng Yubin Lan Xuanchun Yin Jian Shan |
| author_sort | Sheng Wen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) variable-rate spraying technology, as the development direction of aviation for plant protection in the future, has been developed rapidly in recent years. In the actual agricultural production, the severity of plant diseases and insect pests varies in different locations. In order to reduce the waste of pesticides, pesticides should be applied according to the severity of pests, insects and weeds. On the basis of explaining the plant diseases and insect pests map in the target area, a pulse width modulation variable spray system is designed. Moreover, the STMicroelectronics-32 (STM32) chip is invoked as the core of the control system. The system combines with sensor technology to get the prescription value through real-time interpretation of prescription diagram in operation. Then, a pulse square wave with variable duty cycles is generated to adjust the flow rate. A closed-loop Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm is used to shorten the time of system reaching steady state. The results indicate that the deviation between volume and target traffic is stable, which is within 2.16%. When the duty cycle of the square wave is within the range of 40% to 100%, the flow range of the single nozzle varies from 0.16 L/min to 0.54 L/min. Variable spray operation under different spray requirements is achieved. The outdoor tests of variable spray system show that the variable spray system can adjust the flow rapidly according to the prescription value set in the prescription map. The proportion of actual droplet deposition and deposition density in the operation unit is consistent with the prescription value, which proves the effectiveness of the designed variable spray system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T22:58:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8eb5c2cf11c4169b141eb7fb9d50f01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T22:58:13Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8eb5c2cf11c4169b141eb7fb9d50f012022-12-22T00:08:54ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172018-12-01812248210.3390/app8122482app8122482Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM ControlSheng Wen0Quanyong Zhang1Jizhong Deng2Yubin Lan3Xuanchun Yin4Jian Shan5Engineering Foundation Teaching and Training Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaNational Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agriculture Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaNational Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agriculture Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaNational Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agriculture Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaNational Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agriculture Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaNational Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agriculture Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) variable-rate spraying technology, as the development direction of aviation for plant protection in the future, has been developed rapidly in recent years. In the actual agricultural production, the severity of plant diseases and insect pests varies in different locations. In order to reduce the waste of pesticides, pesticides should be applied according to the severity of pests, insects and weeds. On the basis of explaining the plant diseases and insect pests map in the target area, a pulse width modulation variable spray system is designed. Moreover, the STMicroelectronics-32 (STM32) chip is invoked as the core of the control system. The system combines with sensor technology to get the prescription value through real-time interpretation of prescription diagram in operation. Then, a pulse square wave with variable duty cycles is generated to adjust the flow rate. A closed-loop Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm is used to shorten the time of system reaching steady state. The results indicate that the deviation between volume and target traffic is stable, which is within 2.16%. When the duty cycle of the square wave is within the range of 40% to 100%, the flow range of the single nozzle varies from 0.16 L/min to 0.54 L/min. Variable spray operation under different spray requirements is achieved. The outdoor tests of variable spray system show that the variable spray system can adjust the flow rapidly according to the prescription value set in the prescription map. The proportion of actual droplet deposition and deposition density in the operation unit is consistent with the prescription value, which proves the effectiveness of the designed variable spray system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/12/2482UAVvariable sprayprescription map translationPID algorithm |
| spellingShingle | Sheng Wen Quanyong Zhang Jizhong Deng Yubin Lan Xuanchun Yin Jian Shan Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM Control Applied Sciences UAV variable spray prescription map translation PID algorithm |
| title | Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM Control |
| title_full | Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM Control |
| title_fullStr | Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM Control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM Control |
| title_short | Design and Experiment of a Variable Spray System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on PID and PWM Control |
| title_sort | design and experiment of a variable spray system for unmanned aerial vehicles based on pid and pwm control |
| topic | UAV variable spray prescription map translation PID algorithm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/12/2482 |
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