Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in France
IntroductionHeart transplant (HT) recipients have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Immunoglobulin G antibodies are considered to provide protective immunity and T-cell activity is thought to confer protection from severe disease. However, data on T-cell response to mRNA vaccination in a co...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1027708/full |
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| author | Alice Casenaz Sandrine Grosjean Ludwig-Serge Aho-Glélé Jean-Baptiste Bour Christelle Auvray Catherine Manoha |
| author_facet | Alice Casenaz Sandrine Grosjean Ludwig-Serge Aho-Glélé Jean-Baptiste Bour Christelle Auvray Catherine Manoha |
| author_sort | Alice Casenaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionHeart transplant (HT) recipients have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Immunoglobulin G antibodies are considered to provide protective immunity and T-cell activity is thought to confer protection from severe disease. However, data on T-cell response to mRNA vaccination in a context of HT remains limited.MethodsIn 96 HT patients, a IFN-γ release assay and an anti-Spike antibody test were used to evaluate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines to generate cellular and humoral immune response. Blood samples were collected few weeks to 7 months after vaccination. Multiple fractional polynomial and LASSO regression models were used to define predictors of T-cell response.ResultsThree to five months after vaccination, three doses of vaccine induced a positive SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in 47% of recipients and a positive humoral response in 83% of recipients, 11.1% of patients remained negative for both T and B cell responses. Three doses were necessary to reach high IgG response levels (>590 BAU/mL), which were obtained in a third of patients. Immunity was greatly amplified in the group who had three vaccine doses plus COVID-19 infection.ConclusionOur study revealed that T and B immunity decreases over time, leading us to suggest the interest of a booster vaccination at 5 months after the third dose. Moreover, a close follow-up of immune response following vaccination is needed to ensure ongoing immune protection. We also found that significant predictors of higher cellular response were infection and active smoking, regardless of immunosuppressive treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:22:43Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a8f205eff49c459195e8640b1a76dd39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:22:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8f205eff49c459195e8640b1a76dd392022-12-22T04:34:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2022-10-01910.3389/fmed.2022.10277081027708Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in FranceAlice Casenaz0Sandrine Grosjean1Ludwig-Serge Aho-Glélé2Jean-Baptiste Bour3Christelle Auvray4Catherine Manoha5Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, FranceDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, FranceEpidemiology and Infection Control Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, FranceVirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, FranceVirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, FranceVirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, FranceIntroductionHeart transplant (HT) recipients have a high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Immunoglobulin G antibodies are considered to provide protective immunity and T-cell activity is thought to confer protection from severe disease. However, data on T-cell response to mRNA vaccination in a context of HT remains limited.MethodsIn 96 HT patients, a IFN-γ release assay and an anti-Spike antibody test were used to evaluate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines to generate cellular and humoral immune response. Blood samples were collected few weeks to 7 months after vaccination. Multiple fractional polynomial and LASSO regression models were used to define predictors of T-cell response.ResultsThree to five months after vaccination, three doses of vaccine induced a positive SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in 47% of recipients and a positive humoral response in 83% of recipients, 11.1% of patients remained negative for both T and B cell responses. Three doses were necessary to reach high IgG response levels (>590 BAU/mL), which were obtained in a third of patients. Immunity was greatly amplified in the group who had three vaccine doses plus COVID-19 infection.ConclusionOur study revealed that T and B immunity decreases over time, leading us to suggest the interest of a booster vaccination at 5 months after the third dose. Moreover, a close follow-up of immune response following vaccination is needed to ensure ongoing immune protection. We also found that significant predictors of higher cellular response were infection and active smoking, regardless of immunosuppressive treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1027708/fullSARS-CoV-2heart transplant recipientmRNA vaccineBNT162b2T cellsmoking |
| spellingShingle | Alice Casenaz Sandrine Grosjean Ludwig-Serge Aho-Glélé Jean-Baptiste Bour Christelle Auvray Catherine Manoha Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in France Frontiers in Medicine SARS-CoV-2 heart transplant recipient mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 T cell smoking |
| title | Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in France |
| title_full | Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in France |
| title_fullStr | Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in France |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in France |
| title_short | Humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients: An observational study in France |
| title_sort | humoral and cellular immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in heart transplant recipients an observational study in france |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 heart transplant recipient mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 T cell smoking |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1027708/full |
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