Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national survey
Background: In January 2022 Kazakhstan experienced unprecedented nationwide protests that quickly turned to violent riots. Although the number of individuals affected physically by the disturbances were cited, the emotional toll of the events remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to evalua...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023082737 |
| _version_ | 1827616101783044096 |
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| author | Natalya Glushkova Alexandr Ivankov Varvara Trenina Ainash Oshibayeva Zhanna Kalmatayeva Zhanar Temirbekova Saltanat Mamyrbekova Kairat Davletov Zaituna Khismetova Almagul Kauysheva Ardak Auyezova Marat Zhanaspayev Lyudmila Pivina Gulbakit Koshmaganbetova Ardak Nurbakyt Gulzat Sarsenbayeva Zhanat Sadibekova Meruert Gazaliyeva Mukhtar Kulimbet Diana Kalmatayeva Aliya Zhylkybekova Zhansaya Nurgaliyeva Kassymkhan Sultanbekov Daniil Semenov Marina Izmailovich Oxana Tsigengagel Kerim Munir |
| author_facet | Natalya Glushkova Alexandr Ivankov Varvara Trenina Ainash Oshibayeva Zhanna Kalmatayeva Zhanar Temirbekova Saltanat Mamyrbekova Kairat Davletov Zaituna Khismetova Almagul Kauysheva Ardak Auyezova Marat Zhanaspayev Lyudmila Pivina Gulbakit Koshmaganbetova Ardak Nurbakyt Gulzat Sarsenbayeva Zhanat Sadibekova Meruert Gazaliyeva Mukhtar Kulimbet Diana Kalmatayeva Aliya Zhylkybekova Zhansaya Nurgaliyeva Kassymkhan Sultanbekov Daniil Semenov Marina Izmailovich Oxana Tsigengagel Kerim Munir |
| author_sort | Natalya Glushkova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: In January 2022 Kazakhstan experienced unprecedented nationwide protests that quickly turned to violent riots. Although the number of individuals affected physically by the disturbances were cited, the emotional toll of the events remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative rates of acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of the unrests. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based online survey was conducted one month after the start of the disturbances. The study questionnaire were completed anonymously and included the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), as well as socio-demographic and event exposure information. Results: Of the 7021 people who initially agreed to participate, 6510 were able to complete the full survey. For a cut-off of ≥3 on the PC-PTSD-5, 14.8 % of the study participants exhibited symptoms. With a cut-off of ≥4, this percentage reduced to 4.6 %. Participants from Almaty city and Almaty region who experienced the most extensive disturbances showed a doubled prevalence compared to the national level (30.0 % for a cut-off of ≥3, and 10.1 % for a cut-off of ≥4). At the national level, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, defined as a score of ≥10 on the GAD-7, stood at 10.9 %. This prevalence decreased to 4.2 % when considering a cut-off of ≥15. Conclusion: Health authorities of riot-affected areas ought to be aware of the population level mental health impact of the civil conflict and consider provision of targeted interventions to mitigate the long-term consequence of these lifespan disorders, while also seeking for the peaceful resolution of the ensuing conflicts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:21:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8fa4d3a0971429b9c6bd42eb03fc8a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:21:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8fa4d3a0971429b9c6bd42eb03fc8a52023-12-02T07:01:09ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-11-01911e21065Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national surveyNatalya Glushkova0Alexandr Ivankov1Varvara Trenina2Ainash Oshibayeva3Zhanna Kalmatayeva4Zhanar Temirbekova5Saltanat Mamyrbekova6Kairat Davletov7Zaituna Khismetova8Almagul Kauysheva9Ardak Auyezova10Marat Zhanaspayev11Lyudmila Pivina12Gulbakit Koshmaganbetova13Ardak Nurbakyt14Gulzat Sarsenbayeva15Zhanat Sadibekova16Meruert Gazaliyeva17Mukhtar Kulimbet18Diana Kalmatayeva19Aliya Zhylkybekova20Zhansaya Nurgaliyeva21Kassymkhan Sultanbekov22Daniil Semenov23Marina Izmailovich24Oxana Tsigengagel25Kerim Munir26Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Corresponding author.Independent Researcher, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, KazakhstanRector Office, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, KazakhstanAcademic Office, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, KazakhstanRector Office, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, KazakhstanAcademic Office, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, KazakhstanScientific Office, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, KazakhstanRector Office, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, KazakhstanRector Office, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Traumatology, Semey Medical University, Semey, KazakhstanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, KazakhstanDepartment of Master's and Doctoral Studies, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, KazakhstanDepartment of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Social Health Insurance and Public Health, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, KazakhstanDepartment of Social Health Insurance and Public Health, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, KazakhstanDean Office of the School of Medicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of General Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Master's and Doctoral Studies, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, KazakhstanDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Social Health Insurance and Public Health, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, KazakhstanAstana IT University, Astana, KazakhstanDepartment of Internal Diseases, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, KazakhstanDevelopmental Medicine Centre, Boston Children's Hospital and Departments of Psychiatry and Paediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USABackground: In January 2022 Kazakhstan experienced unprecedented nationwide protests that quickly turned to violent riots. Although the number of individuals affected physically by the disturbances were cited, the emotional toll of the events remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative rates of acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of the unrests. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based online survey was conducted one month after the start of the disturbances. The study questionnaire were completed anonymously and included the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), as well as socio-demographic and event exposure information. Results: Of the 7021 people who initially agreed to participate, 6510 were able to complete the full survey. For a cut-off of ≥3 on the PC-PTSD-5, 14.8 % of the study participants exhibited symptoms. With a cut-off of ≥4, this percentage reduced to 4.6 %. Participants from Almaty city and Almaty region who experienced the most extensive disturbances showed a doubled prevalence compared to the national level (30.0 % for a cut-off of ≥3, and 10.1 % for a cut-off of ≥4). At the national level, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, defined as a score of ≥10 on the GAD-7, stood at 10.9 %. This prevalence decreased to 4.2 % when considering a cut-off of ≥15. Conclusion: Health authorities of riot-affected areas ought to be aware of the population level mental health impact of the civil conflict and consider provision of targeted interventions to mitigate the long-term consequence of these lifespan disorders, while also seeking for the peaceful resolution of the ensuing conflicts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023082737Acute stress reactionsAnxiety symptomsCivil disturbancesRiotsViolenceKazakhstan |
| spellingShingle | Natalya Glushkova Alexandr Ivankov Varvara Trenina Ainash Oshibayeva Zhanna Kalmatayeva Zhanar Temirbekova Saltanat Mamyrbekova Kairat Davletov Zaituna Khismetova Almagul Kauysheva Ardak Auyezova Marat Zhanaspayev Lyudmila Pivina Gulbakit Koshmaganbetova Ardak Nurbakyt Gulzat Sarsenbayeva Zhanat Sadibekova Meruert Gazaliyeva Mukhtar Kulimbet Diana Kalmatayeva Aliya Zhylkybekova Zhansaya Nurgaliyeva Kassymkhan Sultanbekov Daniil Semenov Marina Izmailovich Oxana Tsigengagel Kerim Munir Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national survey Heliyon Acute stress reactions Anxiety symptoms Civil disturbances Riots Violence Kazakhstan |
| title | Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national survey |
| title_full | Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national survey |
| title_fullStr | Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national survey |
| title_short | Post-conflict acute stress reactions in Kazakhstan in the aftermath of January 2022 unrests: A national survey |
| title_sort | post conflict acute stress reactions in kazakhstan in the aftermath of january 2022 unrests a national survey |
| topic | Acute stress reactions Anxiety symptoms Civil disturbances Riots Violence Kazakhstan |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023082737 |
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