Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19
At the present time, studying humoral immunity to the new coronavirus infection is among the most important tasks. The COVID-19 infection induces a protective pool of specific antibodies determining severity and duration of such immune protection after convalescence. The antibody testing is also nec...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Медицинская иммунология |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2452 |
| _version_ | 1797197827592421376 |
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| author | E. V. Semenova V. V. Pavliuk M. A. Uvarova A. V. Ivanov |
| author_facet | E. V. Semenova V. V. Pavliuk M. A. Uvarova A. V. Ivanov |
| author_sort | E. V. Semenova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | At the present time, studying humoral immunity to the new coronavirus infection is among the most important tasks. The COVID-19 infection induces a protective pool of specific antibodies determining severity and duration of such immune protection after convalescence. The antibody testing is also necessary for assessing efficiency of anti-COVID vaccines in order to defeat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Despite enormous interest of scientific community in this problem seen in the literature, there is still a lack for longitudinal observations of immunological status (more than 6 months) in the patients who have undergone COVID-19. The aim of this study is a long-term monitoring (9-14 months) of development and extinction of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection using quantitative assessment of IgA and IgG levels in peripheral blood of the patients who had COVID-19 in anamnesis. Monitoring of anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels over time has demonstrated significant individual variability, and made it possible to divide the study participants into three groups, according to characteristic features of humoral immunity after documented COVID-19. The study describes characteristic features of humoral immune response for each of these groups. The first group (30% of the study group) exhibited classical pattern of antibody response to viral infection. The second group (40% of study participants) presented with high plasma IgA levels, and their significant excess (about 2 times) over IgG levels throughout the observation period. The third group (30% of study participants), apparently comprised the subjects with increased humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their plasma antibodies remain at high levels for at least 9-10 months after the onset of infection. The data obtained confirm the pattern of plasma IgA which is not quite typical to viral infections in dynamics after a sufficiently long time period after the disease in most study participants (2nd and 3rd groups; 70% of all volunteers who have recovered from COVID-19) and suggests an important role of this immunoglobulin against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The specific responses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG are very similar to behavior of such antibodies in other viral infections including contacts with coronaviruses from earlier generations. Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may persist for more than 6 months, thus supporting an assumption that the naturally infected patients are able to resist re-infection for a long time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:48:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a903fff6cce4402eba07329ad42af106 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1563-0625 2313-741X |
| language | Russian |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T06:50:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Медицинская иммунология |
| spelling | doaj.art-a903fff6cce4402eba07329ad42af1062024-04-22T13:07:48ZrusSt. Petersburg branch of the Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical ImmunologistsМедицинская иммунология1563-06252313-741X2022-04-0124233735010.15789/1563-0625-FOH-24521539Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19E. V. Semenova0V. V. Pavliuk1M. A. Uvarova2A. V. Ivanov3B. Konstantinov St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”St. Petersburg State UniversityNorth-West Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine JSCSt. Petersburg State University; North-West Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine JSCAt the present time, studying humoral immunity to the new coronavirus infection is among the most important tasks. The COVID-19 infection induces a protective pool of specific antibodies determining severity and duration of such immune protection after convalescence. The antibody testing is also necessary for assessing efficiency of anti-COVID vaccines in order to defeat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Despite enormous interest of scientific community in this problem seen in the literature, there is still a lack for longitudinal observations of immunological status (more than 6 months) in the patients who have undergone COVID-19. The aim of this study is a long-term monitoring (9-14 months) of development and extinction of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection using quantitative assessment of IgA and IgG levels in peripheral blood of the patients who had COVID-19 in anamnesis. Monitoring of anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels over time has demonstrated significant individual variability, and made it possible to divide the study participants into three groups, according to characteristic features of humoral immunity after documented COVID-19. The study describes characteristic features of humoral immune response for each of these groups. The first group (30% of the study group) exhibited classical pattern of antibody response to viral infection. The second group (40% of study participants) presented with high plasma IgA levels, and their significant excess (about 2 times) over IgG levels throughout the observation period. The third group (30% of study participants), apparently comprised the subjects with increased humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their plasma antibodies remain at high levels for at least 9-10 months after the onset of infection. The data obtained confirm the pattern of plasma IgA which is not quite typical to viral infections in dynamics after a sufficiently long time period after the disease in most study participants (2nd and 3rd groups; 70% of all volunteers who have recovered from COVID-19) and suggests an important role of this immunoglobulin against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The specific responses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG are very similar to behavior of such antibodies in other viral infections including contacts with coronaviruses from earlier generations. Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may persist for more than 6 months, thus supporting an assumption that the naturally infected patients are able to resist re-infection for a long time.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2452anti-sars-cov-2 antibodyhumoral immunitylong-term monitoringimmunoglobulin igaimmunoglobulin iggsars-cov-2covid-19 |
| spellingShingle | E. V. Semenova V. V. Pavliuk M. A. Uvarova A. V. Ivanov Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19 Медицинская иммунология anti-sars-cov-2 antibody humoral immunity long-term monitoring immunoglobulin iga immunoglobulin igg sars-cov-2 covid-19 |
| title | Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19 |
| title_full | Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19 |
| title_short | Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19 |
| title_sort | features of humoral immunity after covid 19 |
| topic | anti-sars-cov-2 antibody humoral immunity long-term monitoring immunoglobulin iga immunoglobulin igg sars-cov-2 covid-19 |
| url | https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2452 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT evsemenova featuresofhumoralimmunityaftercovid19 AT vvpavliuk featuresofhumoralimmunityaftercovid19 AT mauvarova featuresofhumoralimmunityaftercovid19 AT avivanov featuresofhumoralimmunityaftercovid19 |