Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from Water
Three Ag nanoparticle (NP) colloids are produced from borohydride reduction of silver nitrate in water by varying the amount of sodium citrate. These nanoparticles are used as photocatalysts with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to degrade a p-nitrophenol (PNP) solution. X-ray diff...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/5/842 |
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| author | Julien G. Mahy Marthe Kiendrebeogo Antoine Farcy Patrick Drogui |
| author_facet | Julien G. Mahy Marthe Kiendrebeogo Antoine Farcy Patrick Drogui |
| author_sort | Julien G. Mahy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three Ag nanoparticle (NP) colloids are produced from borohydride reduction of silver nitrate in water by varying the amount of sodium citrate. These nanoparticles are used as photocatalysts with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to degrade a p-nitrophenol (PNP) solution. X-ray diffraction patterns have shown the production of metallic silver nanoparticles, whatever the concentration of citrate. The transmission electron microscope images of these NPs highlighted the evolution from spherical NPs to hexagonal/rod-like NPs with broader distribution when the citrate amount increases. Aggregate size in solution has also shown the same tendency. Indeed, the citrate, which is both a capping and a reducing agent, modifies the resulting shape and size of the Ag NPs. When its concentration is low, the pH is higher, and it stabilizes the formation of uniform spherical Ag NPs. However, when its concentration increases, the pH decreases, and the Ag reduction is less controlled, leading to broader distribution and bigger rod-like Ag NPs. This results in the production of three different samples: one with more uniform spherical 20 nm Ag NPs, one intermediate with 30 nm Ag NPs with spherical and rod-like NPs, and one with 50 nm rod-like Ag NPs with broad distribution. These three Ag NPs mixed with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in water enhanced the degradation of PNP under UV/visible irradiation. Indeed, metallic Ag NPs produce localized surface plasmon resonance under illumination, which photogenerates electrons and holes able to accelerate the production of hydroxyl radicals when in contact with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The intermediate morphology sample presents the best activity, doubling the PNP degradation compared to the irradiated experiment with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> alone. This better result can be attributed to the small size of the NPs (30 nm) but also to the presence of more defects in this intermediate structure that allows a longer lifetime of the photogenerated species. Recycling experiments on the best photocatalyst sample showed a constant activity of up to 40 h of illumination for a very low concentration of photocatalyst compared to the literature. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:51:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a90444f7d7c4420fa75271940b960cc62023-11-18T00:50:58ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-05-0113584210.3390/catal13050842Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from WaterJulien G. Mahy0Marthe Kiendrebeogo1Antoine Farcy2Patrick Drogui3Department of Chemical Engineering—Nanomaterials, Catalysis & Electrochemistry, University of Liège, B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Août 11, 4000 Liège, BelgiumInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Eau Terre Environnement, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, CanadaDepartment of Chemical Engineering—Nanomaterials, Catalysis & Electrochemistry, University of Liège, B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Août 11, 4000 Liège, BelgiumInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Eau Terre Environnement, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, CanadaThree Ag nanoparticle (NP) colloids are produced from borohydride reduction of silver nitrate in water by varying the amount of sodium citrate. These nanoparticles are used as photocatalysts with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to degrade a p-nitrophenol (PNP) solution. X-ray diffraction patterns have shown the production of metallic silver nanoparticles, whatever the concentration of citrate. The transmission electron microscope images of these NPs highlighted the evolution from spherical NPs to hexagonal/rod-like NPs with broader distribution when the citrate amount increases. Aggregate size in solution has also shown the same tendency. Indeed, the citrate, which is both a capping and a reducing agent, modifies the resulting shape and size of the Ag NPs. When its concentration is low, the pH is higher, and it stabilizes the formation of uniform spherical Ag NPs. However, when its concentration increases, the pH decreases, and the Ag reduction is less controlled, leading to broader distribution and bigger rod-like Ag NPs. This results in the production of three different samples: one with more uniform spherical 20 nm Ag NPs, one intermediate with 30 nm Ag NPs with spherical and rod-like NPs, and one with 50 nm rod-like Ag NPs with broad distribution. These three Ag NPs mixed with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in water enhanced the degradation of PNP under UV/visible irradiation. Indeed, metallic Ag NPs produce localized surface plasmon resonance under illumination, which photogenerates electrons and holes able to accelerate the production of hydroxyl radicals when in contact with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The intermediate morphology sample presents the best activity, doubling the PNP degradation compared to the irradiated experiment with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> alone. This better result can be attributed to the small size of the NPs (30 nm) but also to the presence of more defects in this intermediate structure that allows a longer lifetime of the photogenerated species. Recycling experiments on the best photocatalyst sample showed a constant activity of up to 40 h of illumination for a very low concentration of photocatalyst compared to the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/5/842colloidlocalized surface plasmon resonanceAg nanoparticlescapping agentphotocatalysiswater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Julien G. Mahy Marthe Kiendrebeogo Antoine Farcy Patrick Drogui Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from Water Catalysts colloid localized surface plasmon resonance Ag nanoparticles capping agent photocatalysis water treatment |
| title | Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from Water |
| title_full | Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from Water |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from Water |
| title_short | Enhanced Decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Using Metallic Silver Nanoparticles under UV/Visible Light for the Removal of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol from Water |
| title_sort | enhanced decomposition of h sub 2 sub o sub 2 sub using metallic silver nanoparticles under uv visible light for the removal of i p i nitrophenol from water |
| topic | colloid localized surface plasmon resonance Ag nanoparticles capping agent photocatalysis water treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/5/842 |
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