| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To test whether a site-specific hysteroscopic biopsy-induced injury in the endometrium during the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle improves subsequent embryo implantation in patients with repeated implantation failure, a total of 30 patients who have had good responses to controlled ovulation stimulation but have failed to achieve pregnancy after two or more transfers of good-quality embryos were recruited in this prospective study.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A single, site-specific hysteroscopic biopsy-induced injury was generated on the posterior endometrium at midline 10-15 mm from the fundus during the D4-D7 period of the ongoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle in six patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Patients received endometrial biopsy protocol achieved a pregnancy rate of 100%. By contrast, only 46% of patients with similar clinical characteristics (<it>N </it>= 24) achieved pregnancy without the hysteroscopic biopsy-induced endometrium injury (<it>p </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a site-specific hysteroscopic endometrium injury performed during the ongoing <it>in vitro </it>fertilization (IVF) cycle, instead of injuries received during prior cycles, significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failure.</p>
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