Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Thro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97647-z |
| _version_ | 1818431756632588288 |
|---|---|
| author | Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding |
| author_facet | Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding |
| author_sort | Hannah M. Ogden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Through a combination of simulations, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements, we show that this approach not only enables lower noise and mitigates interference fading, but also improves the sensor linearity. We investigate the sensor dependence on the length of the pulse train and characterize the sensor performance as a function of range, demonstrating operation from 1 to 50 km. Despite its relative simplicity, this platform enables state-of-the-art performance, including low crosstalk, high linearity, and a minimum detectable strain of only 0.6 p $$\varepsilon /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$ ε / Hz in a 10 km fiber with 10 m spatial resolution and a bandwidth of 5 kHz. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:54:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a90e9e00fea1423ca63ee078acecd9b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:54:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a90e9e00fea1423ca63ee078acecd9b02022-12-21T22:55:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-09-0111111210.1038/s41598-021-97647-zFrequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDRHannah M. Ogden0Matthew J. Murray1Joseph B. Murray2Clay Kirkendall3Brandon Redding4U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryAbstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Through a combination of simulations, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements, we show that this approach not only enables lower noise and mitigates interference fading, but also improves the sensor linearity. We investigate the sensor dependence on the length of the pulse train and characterize the sensor performance as a function of range, demonstrating operation from 1 to 50 km. Despite its relative simplicity, this platform enables state-of-the-art performance, including low crosstalk, high linearity, and a minimum detectable strain of only 0.6 p $$\varepsilon /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$ ε / Hz in a 10 km fiber with 10 m spatial resolution and a bandwidth of 5 kHz.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97647-z |
| spellingShingle | Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR Scientific Reports |
| title | Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
| title_full | Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
| title_fullStr | Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
| title_short | Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
| title_sort | frequency multiplexed coherent φ otdr |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97647-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hannahmogden frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT matthewjmurray frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT josephbmurray frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT claykirkendall frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT brandonredding frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr |