Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method
Cyanobacteria synthesize a large variety of secondary metabolites including toxins. Microcystins (MCs) with hepato- and neurotoxic potential are well studied in bloom-forming planktonic species of temperate and tropical regions. Cyanobacterial biofilms thriving in the polar regions have recently eme...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-04-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/4/147 |
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| author | Julia Kleinteich Jonathan Puddick Susanna A. Wood Falk Hildebrand H. Dail Laughinghouse IV David A. Pearce Daniel R. Dietrich Annick Wilmotte |
| author_facet | Julia Kleinteich Jonathan Puddick Susanna A. Wood Falk Hildebrand H. Dail Laughinghouse IV David A. Pearce Daniel R. Dietrich Annick Wilmotte |
| author_sort | Julia Kleinteich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyanobacteria synthesize a large variety of secondary metabolites including toxins. Microcystins (MCs) with hepato- and neurotoxic potential are well studied in bloom-forming planktonic species of temperate and tropical regions. Cyanobacterial biofilms thriving in the polar regions have recently emerged as a rich source for cyanobacterial secondary metabolites including previously undescribed congeners of microcystin. However, detection and detailed identification of these compounds is difficult due to unusual sample matrices and structural congeners produced. We here report a time-efficient liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) precursor ion screening method that facilitates microcystin detection and identification. We applied this method to detect six different MC congeners in 8 out of 26 microbial mat samples of the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic. The congeners, of which [Asp3, ADMAdda5, Dhb7] MC-LR was most abundant, were similar to those reported in other polar habitats. Microcystins were also determined using an Adda-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Adda-ELISA). Nostoc sp. was identified as a putative toxin producer using molecular methods that targeted 16S rRNA genes and genes involved in microcystin production. The mcy genes detected showed highest similarities to other Arctic or Antarctic sequences. The LC-MS precursor ion screening method could be useful for microcystin detection in unusual matrices such as benthic biofilms or lichen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:32:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a90f32004fb6474ba5d96700ddc99bd3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:32:19Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-a90f32004fb6474ba5d96700ddc99bd32022-12-22T03:59:20ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512018-04-0110414710.3390/toxins10040147toxins10040147Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening MethodJulia Kleinteich0Jonathan Puddick1Susanna A. Wood2Falk Hildebrand3H. Dail Laughinghouse IV4David A. Pearce5Daniel R. Dietrich6Annick Wilmotte7Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, GermanyCawthron Institute, Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New ZealandCawthron Institute, Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New ZealandStructural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyFort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USADepartment of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UKHuman and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, GermanyBCCM/ULC, University of Liege, In-Bios Centre for Protein Engineering, B6, 4000 Liege, BelgiumCyanobacteria synthesize a large variety of secondary metabolites including toxins. Microcystins (MCs) with hepato- and neurotoxic potential are well studied in bloom-forming planktonic species of temperate and tropical regions. Cyanobacterial biofilms thriving in the polar regions have recently emerged as a rich source for cyanobacterial secondary metabolites including previously undescribed congeners of microcystin. However, detection and detailed identification of these compounds is difficult due to unusual sample matrices and structural congeners produced. We here report a time-efficient liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) precursor ion screening method that facilitates microcystin detection and identification. We applied this method to detect six different MC congeners in 8 out of 26 microbial mat samples of the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic. The congeners, of which [Asp3, ADMAdda5, Dhb7] MC-LR was most abundant, were similar to those reported in other polar habitats. Microcystins were also determined using an Adda-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Adda-ELISA). Nostoc sp. was identified as a putative toxin producer using molecular methods that targeted 16S rRNA genes and genes involved in microcystin production. The mcy genes detected showed highest similarities to other Arctic or Antarctic sequences. The LC-MS precursor ion screening method could be useful for microcystin detection in unusual matrices such as benthic biofilms or lichen.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/4/147arcticbenthic matscyanotoxinsELISA16S rRNA gene |
| spellingShingle | Julia Kleinteich Jonathan Puddick Susanna A. Wood Falk Hildebrand H. Dail Laughinghouse IV David A. Pearce Daniel R. Dietrich Annick Wilmotte Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method Toxins arctic benthic mats cyanotoxins ELISA 16S rRNA gene |
| title | Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method |
| title_full | Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method |
| title_fullStr | Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method |
| title_short | Toxic Cyanobacteria in Svalbard: Chemical Diversity of Microcystins Detected Using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Precursor Ion Screening Method |
| title_sort | toxic cyanobacteria in svalbard chemical diversity of microcystins detected using a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry precursor ion screening method |
| topic | arctic benthic mats cyanotoxins ELISA 16S rRNA gene |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/4/147 |
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