| Summary: | Four monoraphid taxa belonging to the genera <em>Achnanthes</em>, <em>Psammothidium</em> and <em>Planothidium</em> were found during the ongoing taxonomic revision of the freshwater and limno-terrestrial diatoms of the Maritime Antarctic region. The present paper describes these four taxa as new based on detailed light and scanning electron microscopy observations: <em>Achnanthes kohleriana</em> Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov., <em>Planothidium wetzelectorianum</em> Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov., <em>Psammothidium confusoneglectum</em> Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and <em>Psammothidium superpapilio</em> Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. The morphology and ecology of all four taxa are discussed and the species are compared with morphologically similar taxa.<br /><br />
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