Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia
Abstract Background Between 2007 and 2011 several thousands of calves died from bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), a bleeding syndrome triggered by vaccine induced alloantibodies from the dams. Following withdrawal of the involved bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDv) vaccine, the incidence of this c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03117-z |
| _version_ | 1798033448795897856 |
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| author | L. Chantillon B. Devriendt B. De Jonge J. Oostvogels J. Coppens M. L. Pas J. Bokma B. Pardon |
| author_facet | L. Chantillon B. Devriendt B. De Jonge J. Oostvogels J. Coppens M. L. Pas J. Bokma B. Pardon |
| author_sort | L. Chantillon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Between 2007 and 2011 several thousands of calves died from bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), a bleeding syndrome triggered by vaccine induced alloantibodies from the dams. Following withdrawal of the involved bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDv) vaccine, the incidence of this condition rapidly decreased, with no reported cases in the last 5 years. Here, we report a recent immune-mediated pancytopenia in three calves from two different suckler herds, clinically indistinguishable from BNP. Case presentation Three Belgian Blue suckler calves from two different farms, aged around two weeks, showed multiple bleedings disseminated on the skin and petechiae and ecchymoses on the mucosae. Blood examination confirmed anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. BVDv infection was excluded. Despite blood transfusion and cortisone therapy, all three animals died. Necropsy and histology confirmed bone marrow depletion. Binding of IgG from the dams on leukocytes of the calves was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Two calves, originating from the same farm, received colostrum from the same dam. None of the calves were given colostrum replacers or colostrum supplements. No link with the BNP causing BVDv vaccine could be evidenced. However, dams had been vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza-3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bluetongue virus serotype 8. Conclusions Alloimmune mediated pancytopenia was evidenced in three animals, clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from BNP. Whether this disease is again vaccine mediated remains to be determined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:29:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9177dcc7da2474d9ad4f3d9ba3891b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:29:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9177dcc7da2474d9ad4f3d9ba3891b62022-12-22T04:04:32ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482022-01-0118111010.1186/s12917-021-03117-zThree cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopeniaL. Chantillon0B. Devriendt1B. De Jonge2J. Oostvogels3J. Coppens4M. L. Pas5J. Bokma6B. Pardon7Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityLaboratory for Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityVeterinary Practice VenheiDepartment of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityAbstract Background Between 2007 and 2011 several thousands of calves died from bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), a bleeding syndrome triggered by vaccine induced alloantibodies from the dams. Following withdrawal of the involved bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDv) vaccine, the incidence of this condition rapidly decreased, with no reported cases in the last 5 years. Here, we report a recent immune-mediated pancytopenia in three calves from two different suckler herds, clinically indistinguishable from BNP. Case presentation Three Belgian Blue suckler calves from two different farms, aged around two weeks, showed multiple bleedings disseminated on the skin and petechiae and ecchymoses on the mucosae. Blood examination confirmed anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. BVDv infection was excluded. Despite blood transfusion and cortisone therapy, all three animals died. Necropsy and histology confirmed bone marrow depletion. Binding of IgG from the dams on leukocytes of the calves was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Two calves, originating from the same farm, received colostrum from the same dam. None of the calves were given colostrum replacers or colostrum supplements. No link with the BNP causing BVDv vaccine could be evidenced. However, dams had been vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza-3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bluetongue virus serotype 8. Conclusions Alloimmune mediated pancytopenia was evidenced in three animals, clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from BNP. Whether this disease is again vaccine mediated remains to be determined.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03117-zVaccination- bleeding- immunopathology- thrombocytopenia- alloantibodies- Belgian blue calves |
| spellingShingle | L. Chantillon B. Devriendt B. De Jonge J. Oostvogels J. Coppens M. L. Pas J. Bokma B. Pardon Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia BMC Veterinary Research Vaccination- bleeding- immunopathology- thrombocytopenia- alloantibodies- Belgian blue calves |
| title | Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia |
| title_full | Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia |
| title_fullStr | Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia |
| title_short | Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia |
| title_sort | three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia |
| topic | Vaccination- bleeding- immunopathology- thrombocytopenia- alloantibodies- Belgian blue calves |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03117-z |
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