Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View
Zootoxins are produced by venomous and poisonous species and are an important cause of poisoning in companion animals and livestock in Europe. Little information about the incidence of zootoxin poisoning is available in Europe, with only a few case reports and review papers being published. This rev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/1/48 |
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| author | Andras-Laszlo Nagy Sabrina Ardelean Ronan J. J. Chapuis Juliette Bouillon Dalma Pivariu Beatrice De Felice Mirko Bertazzo Paola Fossati Leon J. Spicer Alexandra Iulia Dreanca Francesca Caloni |
| author_facet | Andras-Laszlo Nagy Sabrina Ardelean Ronan J. J. Chapuis Juliette Bouillon Dalma Pivariu Beatrice De Felice Mirko Bertazzo Paola Fossati Leon J. Spicer Alexandra Iulia Dreanca Francesca Caloni |
| author_sort | Andras-Laszlo Nagy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zootoxins are produced by venomous and poisonous species and are an important cause of poisoning in companion animals and livestock in Europe. Little information about the incidence of zootoxin poisoning is available in Europe, with only a few case reports and review papers being published. This review presents the most important zootoxins produced by European venomous and poisonous animal species responsible for poisoning episodes in companion animals and livestock. The main zootoxin-producing animal species, components of the toxins/venoms and their clinical effects are presented. The most common zootoxicoses involve terrestrial zootoxins excreted by the common toad, the fire salamander, the pine processionary caterpillar, and vipers. The lack of a centralized reporting/poison control system in Europe makes the evaluation of the epidemiology of zootoxin-induced poisonings extremely difficult. Even if there are many anecdotal reports in the veterinary community about the exposure of domestic animals to terrestrial and marine zootoxins, the number of published papers regarding these toxicoses is low. Climate change and its consequences regarding species distribution and human-mediated transportation are responsible for the emerging nature of some intoxications in which zootoxins are involved. Although new venomous or poisonous animal species have emerged in regions where they were previously unreported, zootoxins produced by native species remain the main concern in Europe. The diversity of poisonous and venomous animal species and the emerging nature of certain poisonings warrant the continuous update to such knowledge by veterinary professionals and animal owners. This review offers an overview about zootoxin-related poisonings in domestic animals in Europe and also provides important information from a health perspective. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9185322d0354396ac0c5df9ed06845c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:40Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9185322d0354396ac0c5df9ed06845c2024-01-26T18:42:32ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512024-01-011614810.3390/toxins16010048Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European ViewAndras-Laszlo Nagy0Sabrina Ardelean1Ronan J. J. Chapuis2Juliette Bouillon3Dalma Pivariu4Beatrice De Felice5Mirko Bertazzo6Paola Fossati7Leon J. Spicer8Alexandra Iulia Dreanca9Francesca Caloni10Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, ItalyZootoxins are produced by venomous and poisonous species and are an important cause of poisoning in companion animals and livestock in Europe. Little information about the incidence of zootoxin poisoning is available in Europe, with only a few case reports and review papers being published. This review presents the most important zootoxins produced by European venomous and poisonous animal species responsible for poisoning episodes in companion animals and livestock. The main zootoxin-producing animal species, components of the toxins/venoms and their clinical effects are presented. The most common zootoxicoses involve terrestrial zootoxins excreted by the common toad, the fire salamander, the pine processionary caterpillar, and vipers. The lack of a centralized reporting/poison control system in Europe makes the evaluation of the epidemiology of zootoxin-induced poisonings extremely difficult. Even if there are many anecdotal reports in the veterinary community about the exposure of domestic animals to terrestrial and marine zootoxins, the number of published papers regarding these toxicoses is low. Climate change and its consequences regarding species distribution and human-mediated transportation are responsible for the emerging nature of some intoxications in which zootoxins are involved. Although new venomous or poisonous animal species have emerged in regions where they were previously unreported, zootoxins produced by native species remain the main concern in Europe. The diversity of poisonous and venomous animal species and the emerging nature of certain poisonings warrant the continuous update to such knowledge by veterinary professionals and animal owners. This review offers an overview about zootoxin-related poisonings in domestic animals in Europe and also provides important information from a health perspective.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/1/48domestic animalsmarine toxinsterrestrial toxinstoxicityzootoxicosiszootoxins |
| spellingShingle | Andras-Laszlo Nagy Sabrina Ardelean Ronan J. J. Chapuis Juliette Bouillon Dalma Pivariu Beatrice De Felice Mirko Bertazzo Paola Fossati Leon J. Spicer Alexandra Iulia Dreanca Francesca Caloni Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View Toxins domestic animals marine toxins terrestrial toxins toxicity zootoxicosis zootoxins |
| title | Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View |
| title_full | Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View |
| title_fullStr | Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View |
| title_short | Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View |
| title_sort | zootoxins and domestic animals a european view |
| topic | domestic animals marine toxins terrestrial toxins toxicity zootoxicosis zootoxins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/1/48 |
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