A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization
Abstract Background Nuclear receptors are transcription factors of central importance in human biology and associated diseases. Much of the knowledge related to their major functions, such as ligand and DNA binding or dimerization, derives from functional studies undertaken in classical model animal...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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BMC
2022-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01413-0 |
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| author | Brice Beinsteiner Gabriel V. Markov Maxime Bourguet Alastair G. McEwen Stéphane Erb Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel Fatima Z. El Khaloufi El Khaddar Claire Lecroisey Guillaume Holzer Karim Essabri Isabelle Hazemann Ali Hamiche Sarah Cianférani Dino Moras Vincent Laudet Isabelle M. L. Billas |
| author_facet | Brice Beinsteiner Gabriel V. Markov Maxime Bourguet Alastair G. McEwen Stéphane Erb Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel Fatima Z. El Khaloufi El Khaddar Claire Lecroisey Guillaume Holzer Karim Essabri Isabelle Hazemann Ali Hamiche Sarah Cianférani Dino Moras Vincent Laudet Isabelle M. L. Billas |
| author_sort | Brice Beinsteiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Nuclear receptors are transcription factors of central importance in human biology and associated diseases. Much of the knowledge related to their major functions, such as ligand and DNA binding or dimerization, derives from functional studies undertaken in classical model animals. It has become evident, however, that a deeper understanding of these molecular functions requires uncovering how these characteristics originated and diversified during evolution, by looking at more species. In particular, the comprehension of how dimerization evolved from ancestral homodimers to a more sophisticated state of heterodimers has been missing, due to a too narrow phylogenetic sampling. Here, we experimentally and phylogenetically define the evolutionary trajectory of nuclear receptor dimerization by analyzing a novel NR7 subgroup, present in various metazoan groups, including cnidarians, annelids, mollusks, sea urchins, and amphioxus, but lost in vertebrates, arthropods, and nematodes. Results We focused on NR7 of the cephalochordate amphioxus B. lanceolatum. We present a complementary set of functional, structural, and evolutionary analyses that establish that NR7 lies at a pivotal point in the evolutionary trajectory from homodimerizing to heterodimerizing nuclear receptors. The crystal structure of the NR7 ligand-binding domain suggests that the isolated domain is not capable of dimerizing with the ubiquitous dimerization partner RXR. In contrast, the full-length NR7 dimerizes with RXR in a DNA-dependent manner and acts as a constitutively active receptor. The phylogenetic and sequence analyses position NR7 at a pivotal point, just between the basal class I nuclear receptors that form monomers or homodimers on DNA and the derived class II nuclear receptors that exhibit the classical DNA-independent RXR heterodimers. Conclusions Our data suggest that NR7 represents the “missing link” in the transition between class I and class II nuclear receptors and that the DNA independency of heterodimer formation is a feature that was acquired during evolution. Our studies define a novel paradigm of nuclear receptor dimerization that evolved from DNA-dependent to DNA-independent requirements. This new concept emphasizes the importance of DNA in the dimerization of nuclear receptors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor and other members of this pharmacologically important oxosteroid receptor subfamily. Our studies further underline the importance of studying emerging model organisms for supporting cutting-edge research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:36:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a92389b629514a4e8a6968a1a1cd396d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7007 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:36:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a92389b629514a4e8a6968a1a1cd396d2022-12-22T03:55:09ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072022-10-0120111910.1186/s12915-022-01413-0A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerizationBrice Beinsteiner0Gabriel V. Markov1Maxime Bourguet2Alastair G. McEwen3Stéphane Erb4Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel5Fatima Z. El Khaloufi El Khaddar6Claire Lecroisey7Guillaume Holzer8Karim Essabri9Isabelle Hazemann10Ali Hamiche11Sarah Cianférani12Dino Moras13Vincent Laudet14Isabelle M. L. Billas15IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 CNRS, Molecular Zoology TeamEcole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 CNRS, Molecular Zoology TeamIGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyIGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology)Abstract Background Nuclear receptors are transcription factors of central importance in human biology and associated diseases. Much of the knowledge related to their major functions, such as ligand and DNA binding or dimerization, derives from functional studies undertaken in classical model animals. It has become evident, however, that a deeper understanding of these molecular functions requires uncovering how these characteristics originated and diversified during evolution, by looking at more species. In particular, the comprehension of how dimerization evolved from ancestral homodimers to a more sophisticated state of heterodimers has been missing, due to a too narrow phylogenetic sampling. Here, we experimentally and phylogenetically define the evolutionary trajectory of nuclear receptor dimerization by analyzing a novel NR7 subgroup, present in various metazoan groups, including cnidarians, annelids, mollusks, sea urchins, and amphioxus, but lost in vertebrates, arthropods, and nematodes. Results We focused on NR7 of the cephalochordate amphioxus B. lanceolatum. We present a complementary set of functional, structural, and evolutionary analyses that establish that NR7 lies at a pivotal point in the evolutionary trajectory from homodimerizing to heterodimerizing nuclear receptors. The crystal structure of the NR7 ligand-binding domain suggests that the isolated domain is not capable of dimerizing with the ubiquitous dimerization partner RXR. In contrast, the full-length NR7 dimerizes with RXR in a DNA-dependent manner and acts as a constitutively active receptor. The phylogenetic and sequence analyses position NR7 at a pivotal point, just between the basal class I nuclear receptors that form monomers or homodimers on DNA and the derived class II nuclear receptors that exhibit the classical DNA-independent RXR heterodimers. Conclusions Our data suggest that NR7 represents the “missing link” in the transition between class I and class II nuclear receptors and that the DNA independency of heterodimer formation is a feature that was acquired during evolution. Our studies define a novel paradigm of nuclear receptor dimerization that evolved from DNA-dependent to DNA-independent requirements. This new concept emphasizes the importance of DNA in the dimerization of nuclear receptors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor and other members of this pharmacologically important oxosteroid receptor subfamily. Our studies further underline the importance of studying emerging model organisms for supporting cutting-edge research.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01413-0AmphioxusNon-model animalsNuclear receptor phylogenyNuclear receptor dimerizationNR7; Crystal structure; Native mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Brice Beinsteiner Gabriel V. Markov Maxime Bourguet Alastair G. McEwen Stéphane Erb Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel Fatima Z. El Khaloufi El Khaddar Claire Lecroisey Guillaume Holzer Karim Essabri Isabelle Hazemann Ali Hamiche Sarah Cianférani Dino Moras Vincent Laudet Isabelle M. L. Billas A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization BMC Biology Amphioxus Non-model animals Nuclear receptor phylogeny Nuclear receptor dimerization NR7; Crystal structure; Native mass spectrometry |
| title | A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization |
| title_full | A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization |
| title_fullStr | A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization |
| title_short | A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization |
| title_sort | novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization |
| topic | Amphioxus Non-model animals Nuclear receptor phylogeny Nuclear receptor dimerization NR7; Crystal structure; Native mass spectrometry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01413-0 |
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