High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China
<i>Porcine sapelovirus</i> (PSV) is a ubiquitous virus in farmed pigs that is associated with SMEDI syndrome, polioencephalomyelitis, and diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in Fujian Province, Southern China. In this study, th...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/8/1751 |
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| author | Qiu-Yong Chen Zhi-Hua Sun Yong-Liang Che Ru-Jing Chen Xue-Min Wu Ren-Jie Wu Long-Bai Wang Lun-Jiang Zhou |
| author_facet | Qiu-Yong Chen Zhi-Hua Sun Yong-Liang Che Ru-Jing Chen Xue-Min Wu Ren-Jie Wu Long-Bai Wang Lun-Jiang Zhou |
| author_sort | Qiu-Yong Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Porcine sapelovirus</i> (PSV) is a ubiquitous virus in farmed pigs that is associated with SMEDI syndrome, polioencephalomyelitis, and diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in Fujian Province, Southern China. In this study, the prevalence of PSV and a poetical combinative strain PSV2020 were characterized using real-time PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. As a result, an overall sample prevalence of 30.8% was detected in 260 fecal samples, and a farm prevalence of 76.7% was observed in 30 Fujian pig farms, from 2020 to 2022. Noteably, a high rate of PSV was found in sucking pigs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length genome of PSV2020 was 7550 bp, and the genetic evolution of its ORF region was closest to the G1 subgroup, which was isolated from Asia and America; the similarity of nucleotides and amino acids to other PSVs was 59.5~88.7% and 51.7~97.0%, respectively. However, VP1 genetic evolution analysis showed a distinct phylogenetic topology from the ORF region; PSV2020 VP1 was closer to the DIAPD5469-10 strain isolated from Italy than strains isolated from Asia and America, which comprise the G1 subgroup based on the ORF region. Amino acid discrepancy analysis illustrated that the PSV2020 VP1 gene inserted twelve additional nucleotides, corresponding to four additional amino acids (STAE) at positions 898–902 AAs. Moreover, a potential recombination signal was observed in the 2A coding region, near the 3′ end of VP1, owing to recombination analysis. Additionally, 3D genetic evolutionary analysis showed that all reference strains demonstrated, to some degree, regional conservation. These results suggested that PSV was highly prevalent in Fujian pig farms, and PSV2020, a PSV-1 genotype strain, showed gene diversity and recombination in evolutionary progress. This study also laid a scientific foundation for the investigation of PSV epidemiology, molecular genetic characteristics, and vaccine development. |
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| id | doaj.art-a92b19a0bea441d998ba077d97b4a96d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:30:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a92b19a0bea441d998ba077d97b4a96d2023-11-19T03:21:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-08-01158175110.3390/v15081751High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern ChinaQiu-Yong Chen0Zhi-Hua Sun1Yong-Liang Che2Ru-Jing Chen3Xue-Min Wu4Ren-Jie Wu5Long-Bai Wang6Lun-Jiang Zhou7Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China<i>Porcine sapelovirus</i> (PSV) is a ubiquitous virus in farmed pigs that is associated with SMEDI syndrome, polioencephalomyelitis, and diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in Fujian Province, Southern China. In this study, the prevalence of PSV and a poetical combinative strain PSV2020 were characterized using real-time PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. As a result, an overall sample prevalence of 30.8% was detected in 260 fecal samples, and a farm prevalence of 76.7% was observed in 30 Fujian pig farms, from 2020 to 2022. Noteably, a high rate of PSV was found in sucking pigs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length genome of PSV2020 was 7550 bp, and the genetic evolution of its ORF region was closest to the G1 subgroup, which was isolated from Asia and America; the similarity of nucleotides and amino acids to other PSVs was 59.5~88.7% and 51.7~97.0%, respectively. However, VP1 genetic evolution analysis showed a distinct phylogenetic topology from the ORF region; PSV2020 VP1 was closer to the DIAPD5469-10 strain isolated from Italy than strains isolated from Asia and America, which comprise the G1 subgroup based on the ORF region. Amino acid discrepancy analysis illustrated that the PSV2020 VP1 gene inserted twelve additional nucleotides, corresponding to four additional amino acids (STAE) at positions 898–902 AAs. Moreover, a potential recombination signal was observed in the 2A coding region, near the 3′ end of VP1, owing to recombination analysis. Additionally, 3D genetic evolutionary analysis showed that all reference strains demonstrated, to some degree, regional conservation. These results suggested that PSV was highly prevalent in Fujian pig farms, and PSV2020, a PSV-1 genotype strain, showed gene diversity and recombination in evolutionary progress. This study also laid a scientific foundation for the investigation of PSV epidemiology, molecular genetic characteristics, and vaccine development.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/8/1751<i>Porcine sapelovirus</i>prevalencediversityrecombinationFujian Province |
| spellingShingle | Qiu-Yong Chen Zhi-Hua Sun Yong-Liang Che Ru-Jing Chen Xue-Min Wu Ren-Jie Wu Long-Bai Wang Lun-Jiang Zhou High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China Viruses <i>Porcine sapelovirus</i> prevalence diversity recombination Fujian Province |
| title | High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China |
| title_full | High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China |
| title_fullStr | High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China |
| title_short | High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of <i>Porcine Sapelovirus</i> in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China |
| title_sort | high prevalence genetic diversity and recombination of i porcine sapelovirus i in pig farms in fujian southern china |
| topic | <i>Porcine sapelovirus</i> prevalence diversity recombination Fujian Province |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/8/1751 |
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