The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status
Abstract To understand the association between sodium and potassium consumption levels, hypertension and knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) toward salt and the commitment to effective sodium reduction and potassium supplementation to achieve the purpose of suppressing hypertension. A stratifie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18087-x |
| _version_ | 1798038930177654784 |
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| author | Xiaofu Du Le Fang Jianwei Xu Xiangyu Chen Yamin Bai Jing Wu Lin Wu Jieming Zhong |
| author_facet | Xiaofu Du Le Fang Jianwei Xu Xiangyu Chen Yamin Bai Jing Wu Lin Wu Jieming Zhong |
| author_sort | Xiaofu Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract To understand the association between sodium and potassium consumption levels, hypertension and knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) toward salt and the commitment to effective sodium reduction and potassium supplementation to achieve the purpose of suppressing hypertension. A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to obtain a representative provincial sample of 7512 residents aged 18–69 years through a cross-sectional survey by the Salt Reduction and Hypertension Prevention Project (SRHPP) in Zhejiang Province of China in 2017–2018. A screening including demographic, anthropometric, salt-related KAB and physical measurements was implemented, and 24-h urine of approximately 1/5 of the participants was collected and tested. The mean age was 44.8 years, 50.1% were women, 44.0% lived in urban areas, and hypertension or prehypertension accounted for approximately 35.0%. The mean 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were 3848.5 (1661.1) mg/d and 1491.1 (710.9) mg/d, respectively. KAB in urban areas was generally more favorable than in rural areas, women were better than men, and the optimal blood pressure group was better than the other two groups (P < 0.05). However, the awareness and correct use rate of salt-restricted spoons, low-sodium salt and nutrition labeling were lower. A multivariable linear regression model indicated that KAB had a smaller effect on sodium (two indicators effective for promoting sodium reduction) and a greater effect on potassium (six indicators effective for promoting potassium supplementation) and mainly focused on knowledge and behavior indicators. A multivariable logistic regression model indicated that mastering more knowledge and taking active measures could effectively reduce the transition to hypertension, even if the individual was already in prehypertension. There is much room for improvement of salt-related KAB in the Chinese population. A clear association indicates that KAB can help to reduce sodium and supplement potassium, especially potassium, and help to suppress the development of hypertension. The role of beliefs in KAB should be fully valued and improved, similar to knowledge and behaviors. This study provides important evidence and insight into China’s efforts to meet the targets of salt reduction and hypertension prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:46:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a937ae2a4e344158bcac631010e8135c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:46:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a937ae2a4e344158bcac631010e8135c2022-12-22T04:01:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-08-0112111210.1038/s41598-022-18087-xThe association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive statusXiaofu Du0Le Fang1Jianwei Xu2Xiangyu Chen3Yamin Bai4Jing Wu5Lin Wu6Jieming Zhong7Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Medical College, Jinhua PolytechnicDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionAbstract To understand the association between sodium and potassium consumption levels, hypertension and knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) toward salt and the commitment to effective sodium reduction and potassium supplementation to achieve the purpose of suppressing hypertension. A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to obtain a representative provincial sample of 7512 residents aged 18–69 years through a cross-sectional survey by the Salt Reduction and Hypertension Prevention Project (SRHPP) in Zhejiang Province of China in 2017–2018. A screening including demographic, anthropometric, salt-related KAB and physical measurements was implemented, and 24-h urine of approximately 1/5 of the participants was collected and tested. The mean age was 44.8 years, 50.1% were women, 44.0% lived in urban areas, and hypertension or prehypertension accounted for approximately 35.0%. The mean 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were 3848.5 (1661.1) mg/d and 1491.1 (710.9) mg/d, respectively. KAB in urban areas was generally more favorable than in rural areas, women were better than men, and the optimal blood pressure group was better than the other two groups (P < 0.05). However, the awareness and correct use rate of salt-restricted spoons, low-sodium salt and nutrition labeling were lower. A multivariable linear regression model indicated that KAB had a smaller effect on sodium (two indicators effective for promoting sodium reduction) and a greater effect on potassium (six indicators effective for promoting potassium supplementation) and mainly focused on knowledge and behavior indicators. A multivariable logistic regression model indicated that mastering more knowledge and taking active measures could effectively reduce the transition to hypertension, even if the individual was already in prehypertension. There is much room for improvement of salt-related KAB in the Chinese population. A clear association indicates that KAB can help to reduce sodium and supplement potassium, especially potassium, and help to suppress the development of hypertension. The role of beliefs in KAB should be fully valued and improved, similar to knowledge and behaviors. This study provides important evidence and insight into China’s efforts to meet the targets of salt reduction and hypertension prevention.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18087-x |
| spellingShingle | Xiaofu Du Le Fang Jianwei Xu Xiangyu Chen Yamin Bai Jing Wu Lin Wu Jieming Zhong The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status Scientific Reports |
| title | The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status |
| title_full | The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status |
| title_fullStr | The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status |
| title_short | The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status |
| title_sort | association of knowledge attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium potassium excretion and hypertensive status |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18087-x |
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