The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force
Abstract The semidiurnal (12.42 h) and semimonthly (14.76 days) lunar tides have been well-known by fishermen for several centuries. The gravitational force of the relative positions between the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth results in two symmetrical tidal bulges (double bulges) appearing at equator...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25449-y |
| _version_ | 1811179004279914496 |
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| author | Jann-Yenq Liu Tsung-Yu Wu Chi‐Yen Lin Loren C. Chang |
| author_facet | Jann-Yenq Liu Tsung-Yu Wu Chi‐Yen Lin Loren C. Chang |
| author_sort | Jann-Yenq Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The semidiurnal (12.42 h) and semimonthly (14.76 days) lunar tides have been well-known by fishermen for several centuries. The gravitational force of the relative positions between the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth results in two symmetrical tidal bulges (double bulges) appearing at equatorial latitudes directly under and opposite the Moon. We utilize ionospheric GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) radio occultation soundings to show the global three-dimensional structures and dynamics of the double bulges of ionospheric lunar tides for the first time. The double-bulge amplitude of ionospheric F2-peak height hmF2, lagging the sublunar or antipodal point by about 2–3 h, is about 3–5 km at the equator and 1.5–2.0 km at ± 35° magnetic latitude. The electron density further depicts global three-dimensional plasma flows in the ionosphere. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:27:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a94344c4a1d3450da775f4b51dc0671b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:27:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a94344c4a1d3450da775f4b51dc0671b2022-12-22T04:40:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-12-011211810.1038/s41598-022-25449-yThe three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational forceJann-Yenq Liu0Tsung-Yu Wu1Chi‐Yen Lin2Loren C. Chang3Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central UniversityCenter for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central UniversityCenter for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central UniversityCenter for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central UniversityAbstract The semidiurnal (12.42 h) and semimonthly (14.76 days) lunar tides have been well-known by fishermen for several centuries. The gravitational force of the relative positions between the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth results in two symmetrical tidal bulges (double bulges) appearing at equatorial latitudes directly under and opposite the Moon. We utilize ionospheric GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) radio occultation soundings to show the global three-dimensional structures and dynamics of the double bulges of ionospheric lunar tides for the first time. The double-bulge amplitude of ionospheric F2-peak height hmF2, lagging the sublunar or antipodal point by about 2–3 h, is about 3–5 km at the equator and 1.5–2.0 km at ± 35° magnetic latitude. The electron density further depicts global three-dimensional plasma flows in the ionosphere.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25449-y |
| spellingShingle | Jann-Yenq Liu Tsung-Yu Wu Chi‐Yen Lin Loren C. Chang The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force Scientific Reports |
| title | The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force |
| title_full | The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force |
| title_fullStr | The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force |
| title_full_unstemmed | The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force |
| title_short | The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to the Moon’s gravitational force |
| title_sort | three dimensional plasma structures and flows of the earth s upper atmosphere due to the moon s gravitational force |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25449-y |
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