Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI
For vision, audition and tactile sense, the optimal stimulus frequency for fMRI is somewhat known. For proprioception, i.e., the “movement sense”, however, the optimal frequency is unknown. We studied the effect of passive-finger-movement frequency on proprioceptive fMRI responses using a novel pneu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00477/full |
| _version_ | 1818502866122309632 |
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| author | Timo Nurmi Timo Nurmi Linda Henriksson Linda Henriksson Harri Piitulainen Harri Piitulainen |
| author_facet | Timo Nurmi Timo Nurmi Linda Henriksson Linda Henriksson Harri Piitulainen Harri Piitulainen |
| author_sort | Timo Nurmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For vision, audition and tactile sense, the optimal stimulus frequency for fMRI is somewhat known. For proprioception, i.e., the “movement sense”, however, the optimal frequency is unknown. We studied the effect of passive-finger-movement frequency on proprioceptive fMRI responses using a novel pneumatic-movement actuator. Eleven healthy right-handed volunteers participated in the study. The movement actuator passively moved the participant’s right index finger at frequencies of 0.3, 1, 3, 6, 9, or 12 Hz in a blocked design. A functional localizer was used to define regions-of-interest in SI and SII cortices. In addition, effect of movement range on the fMRI responses was tested in a separate session with 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm movement ranges at a fixed 2 Hz frequency. In primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, the responses were stronger at 3 Hz than at 0.3 Hz (p < 0.001) or 1 Hz (p < 0.05), and at ≥6 Hz than 0.3 Hz (p < 0.001 for frequencies ≥ 6 Hz). In secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex, all movements, except at 0.3 Hz, elicited significant responses of similar strength. In addition, 6, 9, and 12-Hz movements elicited a significant offset response in both SI and SII cortices (p < 0.001–0.05). SI cortex required a total stimulation duration of 4 min to elicit significant activations at the group-level whereas for SII cortex 1 min 20 s was sufficient. Increase in the movement range led to stronger responses in SI cortex, but not in SII cortex. Movements above 3 Hz elicited the strongest SI cortex responses, and increase in the movement range enhanced the response strength. We thus recommend that movements at 3–6 Hz with a movement range of 5 mm or higher to be used in future studies of proprioception. Our results are in-line with previous fMRI and PET studies using tactile or median nerve stimulation at different stimulation frequencies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:16:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a950d43846ea4a3480fb30bcbfa04fca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:16:08Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-a950d43846ea4a3480fb30bcbfa04fca2022-12-22T01:33:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612018-12-011210.3389/fnhum.2018.00477392746Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRITimo Nurmi0Timo Nurmi1Linda Henriksson2Linda Henriksson3Harri Piitulainen4Harri Piitulainen5Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandAalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandAalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandAalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, FinlandFor vision, audition and tactile sense, the optimal stimulus frequency for fMRI is somewhat known. For proprioception, i.e., the “movement sense”, however, the optimal frequency is unknown. We studied the effect of passive-finger-movement frequency on proprioceptive fMRI responses using a novel pneumatic-movement actuator. Eleven healthy right-handed volunteers participated in the study. The movement actuator passively moved the participant’s right index finger at frequencies of 0.3, 1, 3, 6, 9, or 12 Hz in a blocked design. A functional localizer was used to define regions-of-interest in SI and SII cortices. In addition, effect of movement range on the fMRI responses was tested in a separate session with 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm movement ranges at a fixed 2 Hz frequency. In primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, the responses were stronger at 3 Hz than at 0.3 Hz (p < 0.001) or 1 Hz (p < 0.05), and at ≥6 Hz than 0.3 Hz (p < 0.001 for frequencies ≥ 6 Hz). In secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex, all movements, except at 0.3 Hz, elicited significant responses of similar strength. In addition, 6, 9, and 12-Hz movements elicited a significant offset response in both SI and SII cortices (p < 0.001–0.05). SI cortex required a total stimulation duration of 4 min to elicit significant activations at the group-level whereas for SII cortex 1 min 20 s was sufficient. Increase in the movement range led to stronger responses in SI cortex, but not in SII cortex. Movements above 3 Hz elicited the strongest SI cortex responses, and increase in the movement range enhanced the response strength. We thus recommend that movements at 3–6 Hz with a movement range of 5 mm or higher to be used in future studies of proprioception. Our results are in-line with previous fMRI and PET studies using tactile or median nerve stimulation at different stimulation frequencies.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00477/fullkinesthesiapassive movementproprioceptionsomatosensory cortexrepetition ratesensorimotor system |
| spellingShingle | Timo Nurmi Timo Nurmi Linda Henriksson Linda Henriksson Harri Piitulainen Harri Piitulainen Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI Frontiers in Human Neuroscience kinesthesia passive movement proprioception somatosensory cortex repetition rate sensorimotor system |
| title | Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI |
| title_full | Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI |
| title_short | Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI |
| title_sort | optimization of proprioceptive stimulation frequency and movement range for fmri |
| topic | kinesthesia passive movement proprioception somatosensory cortex repetition rate sensorimotor system |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00477/full |
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