Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity
The chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of <i>Stachys byzantina</i>, <i>S. hissarica</i> and <i>S. betoniciflora</i> growing in Uzbekistan were determined, and their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity were assessed. A gas chromatography-mass s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/9/1215 |
| _version_ | 1827671811910795264 |
|---|---|
| author | Haidy A. Gad Elbek A. Mukhammadiev Gokhan Zengen Nawal M. Al Musayeib Hidayat Hussain Ismail Bin Ware Mohamed L. Ashour Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva |
| author_facet | Haidy A. Gad Elbek A. Mukhammadiev Gokhan Zengen Nawal M. Al Musayeib Hidayat Hussain Ismail Bin Ware Mohamed L. Ashour Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva |
| author_sort | Haidy A. Gad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of <i>Stachys byzantina</i>, <i>S. hissarica</i> and <i>S. betoniciflora</i> growing in Uzbekistan were determined, and their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity were assessed. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 143 metabolites accounting for 70.34, 76.78 and 88.63% of the total identified components of <i>S. byzantina</i>, <i>S. hissarica</i> and <i>S. betoniciflora,</i> respectively. Octadecanal (9.37%) was the most predominant in <i>S. betoniciflora</i>. However, n-butyl octadecenoate (4.92%) was the major volatile in <i>S. byzantina.</i> Benzaldehyde (5.01%) was present at a higher percentage in <i>S. hissarica.</i> A chemometric analysis revealed the ability of volatile profiling to discriminate between the studied <i>Stachys</i> species. The principal component analysis plot displayed a clear diversity of <i>Stachys</i> species where the octadecanal and benzaldehyde were the main discriminating markers. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP), chelating and phosphomolybdenum (PBD). Moreover, the ability of the essential oils to inhibit both acetyl/butyrylcholinesterases (AChE and BChE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase was assessed. The volatiles from <i>S. hissarica</i> exhibited the highest activity in both the ABTS (226.48 ± 1.75 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g oil) and FRAP (109.55 ± 3.24 mg TE/g oil) assays. However, <i>S. betoniciflora</i> displayed the strongest activity in the other assays (174.94 ± 0.20 mg TE/g oil for CUPRAC, 60.11 ± 0.36 mg EDTA equivalent (EDTAE)/g oil for chelating and 28.24 ± 1.00 (mmol TE/g oil) for PBD. Regarding the enzyme inhibitory activity, <i>S. byzantina</i> demonstrated the strongest AChE (5.64 ± 0.04 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g oil) and tyrosinase inhibitory (101.07 ± 0.60 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g) activity. The highest activity for BChE (11.18 ± 0.19 mg GALAE/g oil), amylase inhibition (0.76 ± 0.02 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g oil) and glucosidase inhibition (24.11 ± 0.06 mmol ACAE/g oil) was observed in <i>S. betoniciflora</i>. These results showed that EOs of <i>Stachys</i> species could be used as antioxidant, hypoglycemic and skincare agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a957e26a06214b45a0b8871b1aa8aa83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-a957e26a06214b45a0b8871b1aa8aa832023-11-23T09:03:09ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-04-01119121510.3390/plants11091215Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological ActivityHaidy A. Gad0Elbek A. Mukhammadiev1Gokhan Zengen2Nawal M. Al Musayeib3Hidayat Hussain4Ismail Bin Ware5Mohamed L. Ashour6Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva7Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptInstitute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of RUz, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, UzbekistanDepartment of Biology, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, GermanyDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, GermanyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptInstitute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of RUz, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, UzbekistanThe chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of <i>Stachys byzantina</i>, <i>S. hissarica</i> and <i>S. betoniciflora</i> growing in Uzbekistan were determined, and their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity were assessed. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 143 metabolites accounting for 70.34, 76.78 and 88.63% of the total identified components of <i>S. byzantina</i>, <i>S. hissarica</i> and <i>S. betoniciflora,</i> respectively. Octadecanal (9.37%) was the most predominant in <i>S. betoniciflora</i>. However, n-butyl octadecenoate (4.92%) was the major volatile in <i>S. byzantina.</i> Benzaldehyde (5.01%) was present at a higher percentage in <i>S. hissarica.</i> A chemometric analysis revealed the ability of volatile profiling to discriminate between the studied <i>Stachys</i> species. The principal component analysis plot displayed a clear diversity of <i>Stachys</i> species where the octadecanal and benzaldehyde were the main discriminating markers. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP), chelating and phosphomolybdenum (PBD). Moreover, the ability of the essential oils to inhibit both acetyl/butyrylcholinesterases (AChE and BChE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase was assessed. The volatiles from <i>S. hissarica</i> exhibited the highest activity in both the ABTS (226.48 ± 1.75 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g oil) and FRAP (109.55 ± 3.24 mg TE/g oil) assays. However, <i>S. betoniciflora</i> displayed the strongest activity in the other assays (174.94 ± 0.20 mg TE/g oil for CUPRAC, 60.11 ± 0.36 mg EDTA equivalent (EDTAE)/g oil for chelating and 28.24 ± 1.00 (mmol TE/g oil) for PBD. Regarding the enzyme inhibitory activity, <i>S. byzantina</i> demonstrated the strongest AChE (5.64 ± 0.04 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g oil) and tyrosinase inhibitory (101.07 ± 0.60 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g) activity. The highest activity for BChE (11.18 ± 0.19 mg GALAE/g oil), amylase inhibition (0.76 ± 0.02 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g oil) and glucosidase inhibition (24.11 ± 0.06 mmol ACAE/g oil) was observed in <i>S. betoniciflora</i>. These results showed that EOs of <i>Stachys</i> species could be used as antioxidant, hypoglycemic and skincare agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/9/1215<i>Stachys</i>GC-MSvolatile componentsantioxidantsenzyme inhibitionchemometric analysis |
| spellingShingle | Haidy A. Gad Elbek A. Mukhammadiev Gokhan Zengen Nawal M. Al Musayeib Hidayat Hussain Ismail Bin Ware Mohamed L. Ashour Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity Plants <i>Stachys</i> GC-MS volatile components antioxidants enzyme inhibition chemometric analysis |
| title | Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity |
| title_full | Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity |
| title_fullStr | Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity |
| title_short | Chemometric Analysis Based on GC-MS Chemical Profiles of Three <i>Stachys</i> Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity |
| title_sort | chemometric analysis based on gc ms chemical profiles of three i stachys i species from uzbekistan and their biological activity |
| topic | <i>Stachys</i> GC-MS volatile components antioxidants enzyme inhibition chemometric analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/9/1215 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haidyagad chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity AT elbekamukhammadiev chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity AT gokhanzengen chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity AT nawalmalmusayeib chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity AT hidayathussain chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity AT ismailbinware chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity AT mohamedlashour chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity AT nilufarzmamadalieva chemometricanalysisbasedongcmschemicalprofilesofthreeistachysispeciesfromuzbekistanandtheirbiologicalactivity |