Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have entailed a change of paradigm in the management of multiple malignant diseases and are acquiring a key role in an increasing number of clinical sceneries. However, since their mechanism of action is not limited to the tumor microenvironment, their systemic activity...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.774170/full |
| _version_ | 1819279208069726208 |
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| author | Víctor Albarrán Jesús Chamorro Diana Isabel Rosero Cristina Saavedra Ainara Soria Alfredo Carrato Pablo Gajate |
| author_facet | Víctor Albarrán Jesús Chamorro Diana Isabel Rosero Cristina Saavedra Ainara Soria Alfredo Carrato Pablo Gajate |
| author_sort | Víctor Albarrán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune checkpoint inhibitors have entailed a change of paradigm in the management of multiple malignant diseases and are acquiring a key role in an increasing number of clinical sceneries. However, since their mechanism of action is not limited to the tumor microenvironment, their systemic activity may lead to a wide spectrum of immune-related side effects. Although neurological adverse events are much less frequent than gastrointestinal, hepatic, or lung toxicity, with an incidence of <5%, their potential severity and consequent interruptions to cancer treatment make them of particular importance. Despite them mainly implying peripheral neuropathies, immunotherapy has also been associated with an increased risk of encephalitis and paraneoplastic disorders affecting the central nervous system, often appearing in a clinical context where the appropriate diagnosis and early management of neuropsychiatric symptoms can be challenging. Although the pathogenesis of these complications is not fully understood yet, the blockade of tumoral inhibitory signals, and therefore the elicitation of cytotoxic T-cell-mediated response, seems to play a decisive role. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic recommendations regarding the main forms of neurotoxicity related to checkpoint inhibitors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:24:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a962b69d86224345b97a554c344a2b01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:24:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a962b69d86224345b97a554c344a2b012022-12-21T17:24:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-02-011310.3389/fphar.2022.774170774170Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of LiteratureVíctor AlbarránJesús ChamorroDiana Isabel RoseroCristina SaavedraAinara SoriaAlfredo CarratoPablo GajateImmune checkpoint inhibitors have entailed a change of paradigm in the management of multiple malignant diseases and are acquiring a key role in an increasing number of clinical sceneries. However, since their mechanism of action is not limited to the tumor microenvironment, their systemic activity may lead to a wide spectrum of immune-related side effects. Although neurological adverse events are much less frequent than gastrointestinal, hepatic, or lung toxicity, with an incidence of <5%, their potential severity and consequent interruptions to cancer treatment make them of particular importance. Despite them mainly implying peripheral neuropathies, immunotherapy has also been associated with an increased risk of encephalitis and paraneoplastic disorders affecting the central nervous system, often appearing in a clinical context where the appropriate diagnosis and early management of neuropsychiatric symptoms can be challenging. Although the pathogenesis of these complications is not fully understood yet, the blockade of tumoral inhibitory signals, and therefore the elicitation of cytotoxic T-cell-mediated response, seems to play a decisive role. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic recommendations regarding the main forms of neurotoxicity related to checkpoint inhibitors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.774170/fullimmunotherapycheckpoint inhibitorsneurologictoxicityneuropathies |
| spellingShingle | Víctor Albarrán Jesús Chamorro Diana Isabel Rosero Cristina Saavedra Ainara Soria Alfredo Carrato Pablo Gajate Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature Frontiers in Pharmacology immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors neurologic toxicity neuropathies |
| title | Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature |
| title_full | Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature |
| title_fullStr | Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature |
| title_short | Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature |
| title_sort | neurologic toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors a review of literature |
| topic | immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors neurologic toxicity neuropathies |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.774170/full |
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