Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
BackgroundMalaria has been identified as a crucial vector-borne disease around the globe. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of malaria in the district of Bannu and its relationship with climatic conditions such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and topography....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1303087/full |
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| author | Ijaz Ul Haq Zafar Mehmood Gausal Azam Khan Bushra Kainat Bilal Ahmed Jahan Shah Amtul Sami Muhammad Subhan Nazar Jielian Xu He Xiang |
| author_facet | Ijaz Ul Haq Zafar Mehmood Gausal Azam Khan Bushra Kainat Bilal Ahmed Jahan Shah Amtul Sami Muhammad Subhan Nazar Jielian Xu He Xiang |
| author_sort | Ijaz Ul Haq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundMalaria has been identified as a crucial vector-borne disease around the globe. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of malaria in the district of Bannu and its relationship with climatic conditions such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and topography.MethodsSecondary data were obtained from the metrological office and government hospitals across the district for 5 years (2013–2017). A Poisson regression model was applied for the statistical analysis.Results and discussionThe number of reported cases of malaria was 175,198. The regression analysis showed that temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall had a significant association (p < 0.05) with malaria incidence. In addition, the topographic variables were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with malaria incidence in the region. The percent variation in the odds ratio of incidence was 4% for every unit increase in temperature and 2% in humidity. In conclusion, this study indicated that the temperature, humidity, rainfall, and topographic variables were significantly associated with the incidence of malaria. Effective malaria control and interventions integrated with climatic factors must be considered to overcome the disease burden. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:08:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9688b78255e4a17925b7deadae67324 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:08:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9688b78255e4a17925b7deadae673242024-01-15T04:30:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2024-01-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.13030871303087Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanIjaz Ul Haq0Zafar Mehmood1Gausal Azam Khan2Bushra Kainat3Bilal Ahmed4Jahan Shah5Amtul Sami6Muhammad Subhan Nazar7Jielian Xu8He Xiang9Department of Public Health & Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Maths, Stats & Computer Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Public Health & Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanSchool of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Health Biotechnology, Women University, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Public Health & Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaBackgroundMalaria has been identified as a crucial vector-borne disease around the globe. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of malaria in the district of Bannu and its relationship with climatic conditions such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and topography.MethodsSecondary data were obtained from the metrological office and government hospitals across the district for 5 years (2013–2017). A Poisson regression model was applied for the statistical analysis.Results and discussionThe number of reported cases of malaria was 175,198. The regression analysis showed that temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall had a significant association (p < 0.05) with malaria incidence. In addition, the topographic variables were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with malaria incidence in the region. The percent variation in the odds ratio of incidence was 4% for every unit increase in temperature and 2% in humidity. In conclusion, this study indicated that the temperature, humidity, rainfall, and topographic variables were significantly associated with the incidence of malaria. Effective malaria control and interventions integrated with climatic factors must be considered to overcome the disease burden.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1303087/fullmalariaincidencetopographyrainfallhumiditytemperature |
| spellingShingle | Ijaz Ul Haq Zafar Mehmood Gausal Azam Khan Bushra Kainat Bilal Ahmed Jahan Shah Amtul Sami Muhammad Subhan Nazar Jielian Xu He Xiang Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Frontiers in Microbiology malaria incidence topography rainfall humidity temperature |
| title | Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_full | Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_short | Modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using Poisson regression: a Retrospective study in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_sort | modeling the effect of climatic conditions and topography on malaria incidence using poisson regression a retrospective study in bannu khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistan |
| topic | malaria incidence topography rainfall humidity temperature |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1303087/full |
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