Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin Films
We report the effect of the curing (T<sub>curing</sub>) and annealing (T<sub>anneal</sub>) temperatures on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of solution processed tin oxide. T<sub>anneal</sub> was varied from 300 to 500 °C, and T<sub>curing&...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/8/851 |
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| author | Christophe Avis Jin Jang |
| author_facet | Christophe Avis Jin Jang |
| author_sort | Christophe Avis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report the effect of the curing (T<sub>curing</sub>) and annealing (T<sub>anneal</sub>) temperatures on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of solution processed tin oxide. T<sub>anneal</sub> was varied from 300 to 500 °C, and T<sub>curing</sub> from 200 °C to T<sub>anneal</sub>. All T<sub>anneal</sub> lead to a polycrystalline phase, but the amorphous phase was observed at T<sub>anneal</sub> = 300 °C and T<sub>curing</sub> ranging from 250 to 300 °C. This could be explained by the melting point of the precursor (SnCl<sub>2</sub>), occurring at 250 °C. The crystallinity can be effectively controlled by the annealing temperature, but the curing temperature dramatically affects the grain size. We can reach grain sizes from 5–10 nm (T<sub>curing</sub> = 200 °C and T<sub>anneal</sub> = 300 °C) to 30–50 nm (T<sub>curing</sub> = 500 °C and T<sub>anneal</sub> = 500 °C). At a fixed T<sub>anneal</sub>, Hall mobilities, carrier concentration, and conductivity increased with the curing temperature. The Hall mobility was in the range of 1 to 9.4 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, the carrier concentration was 10<sup>18</sup> to 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, and the conductivity could reach ~20 S/cm when the grain size was 30–50 nm. The optical transmittance, the optical bandgap, the refractive index, and the extinction coefficient were also analyzed and they show a correlation with the annealing process. |
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| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a96dfeb7d11c40a790cd063be7b374202023-11-22T07:15:52ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-07-0111885110.3390/cryst11080851Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin FilmsChristophe Avis0Jin Jang1Advanced Display Research Center, Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaAdvanced Display Research Center, Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaWe report the effect of the curing (T<sub>curing</sub>) and annealing (T<sub>anneal</sub>) temperatures on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of solution processed tin oxide. T<sub>anneal</sub> was varied from 300 to 500 °C, and T<sub>curing</sub> from 200 °C to T<sub>anneal</sub>. All T<sub>anneal</sub> lead to a polycrystalline phase, but the amorphous phase was observed at T<sub>anneal</sub> = 300 °C and T<sub>curing</sub> ranging from 250 to 300 °C. This could be explained by the melting point of the precursor (SnCl<sub>2</sub>), occurring at 250 °C. The crystallinity can be effectively controlled by the annealing temperature, but the curing temperature dramatically affects the grain size. We can reach grain sizes from 5–10 nm (T<sub>curing</sub> = 200 °C and T<sub>anneal</sub> = 300 °C) to 30–50 nm (T<sub>curing</sub> = 500 °C and T<sub>anneal</sub> = 500 °C). At a fixed T<sub>anneal</sub>, Hall mobilities, carrier concentration, and conductivity increased with the curing temperature. The Hall mobility was in the range of 1 to 9.4 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, the carrier concentration was 10<sup>18</sup> to 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, and the conductivity could reach ~20 S/cm when the grain size was 30–50 nm. The optical transmittance, the optical bandgap, the refractive index, and the extinction coefficient were also analyzed and they show a correlation with the annealing process.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/8/851tin oxidesolution processamorphous phasecrystallinitysize grainoptical properties |
| spellingShingle | Christophe Avis Jin Jang Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin Films Crystals tin oxide solution process amorphous phase crystallinity size grain optical properties |
| title | Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin Films |
| title_full | Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin Films |
| title_fullStr | Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin Films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin Films |
| title_short | Influence of the Curing and Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Solution Processed Tin Oxide Thin Films |
| title_sort | influence of the curing and annealing temperatures on the properties of solution processed tin oxide thin films |
| topic | tin oxide solution process amorphous phase crystallinity size grain optical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/8/851 |
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