Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 K
For the purpose of determining the interaction parameters between Mn and Al, and the influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions formation in the Fe-Mn-Al-O melts with high Mn and Al contents, three groups of Fe-Mn-Al-O melts with the initial Al content of 3, 5,...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/8/1500 |
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| author | Jie Zhang Xinru Luo Baijun Yan Daya Wang Hongbo Liu |
| author_facet | Jie Zhang Xinru Luo Baijun Yan Daya Wang Hongbo Liu |
| author_sort | Jie Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For the purpose of determining the interaction parameters between Mn and Al, and the influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions formation in the Fe-Mn-Al-O melts with high Mn and Al contents, three groups of Fe-Mn-Al-O melts with the initial Al content of 3, 5, and 7 mass% and different Mn contents were equilibrated with pure solid Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crucible at 1873 K and Ar-H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. Then, the interaction parameters between Mn and Al were deduced using the WIPF (Wagner’s Interaction Parameter Formalism) and the R-K polynomial (Redlich-Kister type polynomial), respectively. From the WIPF, the first- and second-order interaction parameters, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Mn</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Mn</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, were determined to be 0.0292 and −0.00016, respectively. From the R-K polynomial, the binary interaction parameters, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mmultiscripts><mo>Ω</mo><mrow><mi>Mn</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mmultiscripts><mo>Ω</mo><mrow><mi>Mn</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, were determined to be 73,439 J/mol and −34,919 J/mol, respectively. The applicability of the WIPF to high Mn and Al content Fe-Mn-Al-O melts was investigated by comparing the Al activity calculated by the WIPF and the R-K polynomial using the obtained data. The results showed that WIPF can be used in high Mn and Al content melts in the current concentration range. Further from the iso-activity contours of Al, the activity of Al increases with increasing Al or Mn content. Finally, the thermodynamic calculations show that the addition of Mn decreases the equilibrium O content at the same Al content, making the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions easier. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a96e947e11cf4bb8a2d48e61c30b2b772023-11-19T02:12:12ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-08-01138150010.3390/met13081500Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 KJie Zhang0Xinru Luo1Baijun Yan2Daya Wang3Hongbo Liu4Department of Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSafety and Environmental Engineering Technology Institute, Sinosteel Group, Maanshan 243071, ChinaMaterials Technology Research Institute, HBIS Group, Shijiazhuang 050023, ChinaFor the purpose of determining the interaction parameters between Mn and Al, and the influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions formation in the Fe-Mn-Al-O melts with high Mn and Al contents, three groups of Fe-Mn-Al-O melts with the initial Al content of 3, 5, and 7 mass% and different Mn contents were equilibrated with pure solid Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crucible at 1873 K and Ar-H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. Then, the interaction parameters between Mn and Al were deduced using the WIPF (Wagner’s Interaction Parameter Formalism) and the R-K polynomial (Redlich-Kister type polynomial), respectively. From the WIPF, the first- and second-order interaction parameters, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Mn</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>r</mi><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Mn</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, were determined to be 0.0292 and −0.00016, respectively. From the R-K polynomial, the binary interaction parameters, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mmultiscripts><mo>Ω</mo><mrow><mi>Mn</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mmultiscripts><mo>Ω</mo><mrow><mi>Mn</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, were determined to be 73,439 J/mol and −34,919 J/mol, respectively. The applicability of the WIPF to high Mn and Al content Fe-Mn-Al-O melts was investigated by comparing the Al activity calculated by the WIPF and the R-K polynomial using the obtained data. The results showed that WIPF can be used in high Mn and Al content melts in the current concentration range. Further from the iso-activity contours of Al, the activity of Al increases with increasing Al or Mn content. Finally, the thermodynamic calculations show that the addition of Mn decreases the equilibrium O content at the same Al content, making the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions easier.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/8/1500Fe-Mn-Al-O melthigh Mn and Al contentinteraction parameterAl-O equilibriumAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusion |
| spellingShingle | Jie Zhang Xinru Luo Baijun Yan Daya Wang Hongbo Liu Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 K Metals Fe-Mn-Al-O melt high Mn and Al content interaction parameter Al-O equilibrium Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusion |
| title | Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 K |
| title_full | Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 K |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 K |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 K |
| title_short | Determination of Interaction Parameters between Mn and Al and the Influence of Mn on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions Formation in High Mn and Al Content Fe-Mn-Al-O Melts at 1873 K |
| title_sort | determination of interaction parameters between mn and al and the influence of mn on al sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub inclusions formation in high mn and al content fe mn al o melts at 1873 k |
| topic | Fe-Mn-Al-O melt high Mn and Al content interaction parameter Al-O equilibrium Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/8/1500 |
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