Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies
Numerous environmental and endogenous factors affect the level of genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic variability is the cornerstone of evolution and adaptation of species. However, currently, more and more plant species and local varieties (landraces) are on the brink of extinction du...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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author | Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda Dariusz Kulus Angela Vacaro de Souza Behzad Kaviani Eduardo Festozo Vicente |
author_facet | Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda Dariusz Kulus Angela Vacaro de Souza Behzad Kaviani Eduardo Festozo Vicente |
author_sort | Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Numerous environmental and endogenous factors affect the level of genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic variability is the cornerstone of evolution and adaptation of species. However, currently, more and more plant species and local varieties (landraces) are on the brink of extinction due to anthropopression and climate change. Their preservation is imperative for the sake of future breeding programs. Gene banks have been created worldwide to conserve different plant species of cultural and economic importance. Many of them apply cryopreservation, a conservation method in which ultra-low temperatures (−135 °C to −196 °C) are used for long-term storage of tissue samples, with little risk of variation occurrence. Cells can be successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) when the adverse effect of ice crystal formation and growth is mitigated by the removal of water and the formation of the so-called biological glass (vitrification). This state can be achieved in several ways. The involvement of key cold-regulated genes and proteins in the acquisition of cold tolerance in plant tissues may additionally improve the survival of LN-stored explants. The present review explains the importance of cryostorage in agronomy and presents an overview of the recent works accomplished with this strategy. The most widely used cryopreservation techniques, classic and modern cryoprotective agents, and some protocols applied in crops are considered to understand which parameters provide the establishment of high quality and broadly applicable cryopreservation. Attention is also focused on the issues of genetic integrity and functional genomics in plant cryobiology. |
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institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:38:19Z |
publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
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series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
spelling | doaj.art-a96ebcb8ddc3415b958f88b6ed14429d2023-11-21T23:08:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-012211615710.3390/ijms22116157Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case StudiesCesar Augusto Roque-Borda0Dariusz Kulus1Angela Vacaro de Souza2Behzad Kaviani3Eduardo Festozo Vicente4School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, PolandSchool of Sciences and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã 17602-496, SP, BrazilDepartment of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 4147654919, IranSchool of Sciences and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã 17602-496, SP, BrazilNumerous environmental and endogenous factors affect the level of genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic variability is the cornerstone of evolution and adaptation of species. However, currently, more and more plant species and local varieties (landraces) are on the brink of extinction due to anthropopression and climate change. Their preservation is imperative for the sake of future breeding programs. Gene banks have been created worldwide to conserve different plant species of cultural and economic importance. Many of them apply cryopreservation, a conservation method in which ultra-low temperatures (−135 °C to −196 °C) are used for long-term storage of tissue samples, with little risk of variation occurrence. Cells can be successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) when the adverse effect of ice crystal formation and growth is mitigated by the removal of water and the formation of the so-called biological glass (vitrification). This state can be achieved in several ways. The involvement of key cold-regulated genes and proteins in the acquisition of cold tolerance in plant tissues may additionally improve the survival of LN-stored explants. The present review explains the importance of cryostorage in agronomy and presents an overview of the recent works accomplished with this strategy. The most widely used cryopreservation techniques, classic and modern cryoprotective agents, and some protocols applied in crops are considered to understand which parameters provide the establishment of high quality and broadly applicable cryopreservation. Attention is also focused on the issues of genetic integrity and functional genomics in plant cryobiology.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/6157cryoprotectantdroplet-vitrificationencapsulation-dehydrationencapsulation-vitrificationgene banksgenetic integrity |
spellingShingle | Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda Dariusz Kulus Angela Vacaro de Souza Behzad Kaviani Eduardo Festozo Vicente Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies International Journal of Molecular Sciences cryoprotectant droplet-vitrification encapsulation-dehydration encapsulation-vitrification gene banks genetic integrity |
title | Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies |
title_full | Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies |
title_fullStr | Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies |
title_short | Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies |
title_sort | cryopreservation of agronomic plant germplasm using vitrification based methods an overview of selected case studies |
topic | cryoprotectant droplet-vitrification encapsulation-dehydration encapsulation-vitrification gene banks genetic integrity |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/6157 |
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