Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in Chickens
Avian coccidiosis remains one of the major parasitic diseases that threaten the global poultry industry. Since prevention is superior to treatment, this study focuses on eliminating the infection outside the host. To determine their effect on the viability of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> oocys...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3185 |
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| author | Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed Samar Elsayed Mohamed Manal F. El-Khadragy Ahmed Kamal Dyab Nashwa Hamad Marwa M. Safwat Asmaa A. E. Nasr Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi Ahmed Gareh Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy |
| author_facet | Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed Samar Elsayed Mohamed Manal F. El-Khadragy Ahmed Kamal Dyab Nashwa Hamad Marwa M. Safwat Asmaa A. E. Nasr Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi Ahmed Gareh Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy |
| author_sort | Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Avian coccidiosis remains one of the major parasitic diseases that threaten the global poultry industry. Since prevention is superior to treatment, this study focuses on eliminating the infection outside the host. To determine their effect on the viability of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> oocysts in vitro, allicin and alcoholic garlic extract, which are natural, less toxic, and inexpensive products, were compared to KOH 5% (chemical disinfectant) using an in vitro culture system. Three concentrations of allicin (45, 90, and 180 mg/mL) and alcoholic garlic extract (90, 180, and 360 mg/mL, were used. Subsequently, destructive and sporulation-inhibiting effects on <i>Eimeria</i> oocysts were detected using light and electron microscopy. Young chickens were infected with treated sporulated oocysts to determine their effect on infectivity. After 7 days pi, the percentage of excreted oocysts (oocyst shedding) was determined, and the chickens were slaughtered for histopathological examination of the cecal tissues. Under an electron microscope, allicin at a concentration of 180 mg/mL and alcoholic garlic extract at a concentration of 360 mg/mL demonstrate a high oocysticidal activity with severe destruction of the oocyst wall and the appearance of pores. In addition, both concentrations directly affected the infectivity of sporulated oocysts by reducing the shedding of oocysts and the pathological lesions of infected young chickens. We concluded that the ability of Allicin and alcoholic garlic extract to eliminate <i>Eimeria</i> oocysts makes them superior to chemical disinfectants as a disinfectant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a971ccd7942e48028829394b9e208096 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a971ccd7942e48028829394b9e2080962023-11-24T07:29:37ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-11-011222318510.3390/ani12223185Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in ChickensSalwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman0Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed1Samar Elsayed Mohamed2Manal F. El-Khadragy3Ahmed Kamal Dyab4Nashwa Hamad5Marwa M. Safwat6Asmaa A. E. Nasr7Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi8Ahmed Gareh9Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy10Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptPrivate Veterinary Clinic, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptDepartment of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptDepartment of Avian and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut 71515, EgyptBiology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 24101, EgyptDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, EgyptAvian coccidiosis remains one of the major parasitic diseases that threaten the global poultry industry. Since prevention is superior to treatment, this study focuses on eliminating the infection outside the host. To determine their effect on the viability of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> oocysts in vitro, allicin and alcoholic garlic extract, which are natural, less toxic, and inexpensive products, were compared to KOH 5% (chemical disinfectant) using an in vitro culture system. Three concentrations of allicin (45, 90, and 180 mg/mL) and alcoholic garlic extract (90, 180, and 360 mg/mL, were used. Subsequently, destructive and sporulation-inhibiting effects on <i>Eimeria</i> oocysts were detected using light and electron microscopy. Young chickens were infected with treated sporulated oocysts to determine their effect on infectivity. After 7 days pi, the percentage of excreted oocysts (oocyst shedding) was determined, and the chickens were slaughtered for histopathological examination of the cecal tissues. Under an electron microscope, allicin at a concentration of 180 mg/mL and alcoholic garlic extract at a concentration of 360 mg/mL demonstrate a high oocysticidal activity with severe destruction of the oocyst wall and the appearance of pores. In addition, both concentrations directly affected the infectivity of sporulated oocysts by reducing the shedding of oocysts and the pathological lesions of infected young chickens. We concluded that the ability of Allicin and alcoholic garlic extract to eliminate <i>Eimeria</i> oocysts makes them superior to chemical disinfectants as a disinfectant.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3185viabilityinfectivityoocyst sheddingdisinfectant |
| spellingShingle | Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed Samar Elsayed Mohamed Manal F. El-Khadragy Ahmed Kamal Dyab Nashwa Hamad Marwa M. Safwat Asmaa A. E. Nasr Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi Ahmed Gareh Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in Chickens Animals viability infectivity oocyst shedding disinfectant |
| title | Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in Chickens |
| title_full | Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in Chickens |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in Chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in Chickens |
| title_short | Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> Oocysts in Chickens |
| title_sort | comparative effect of allicin and alcoholic garlic extract on the morphology and infectivity of i eimeria tenella i oocysts in chickens |
| topic | viability infectivity oocyst shedding disinfectant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3185 |
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