Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases
Abstract This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Nature
2018-10-01
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| Series: | EMBO Molecular Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201708259 |
| _version_ | 1797281964537937920 |
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| author | Isha Akhtar‐Schäfer Luping Wang Tim U Krohne Heping Xu Thomas Langmann |
| author_facet | Isha Akhtar‐Schäfer Luping Wang Tim U Krohne Heping Xu Thomas Langmann |
| author_sort | Isha Akhtar‐Schäfer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes an unbalanced retinal immune reaction involving responses of local microglia and recruited macrophages, activity of the alternative complement system, and inflammasome assembly in the retinal pigment epithelium. Presenting these key mechanisms as complementary targets, we specifically emphasize the concept of immunomodulation as potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay vision loss. Promising molecules are ligands for phagocyte receptors, specific inhibitors of complement activation products, and inflammasome inhibitors. We comprehensively summarize the scientific evidence for this strategy from preclinical animal models, human ocular tissue analyses, and clinical trials evolving in the last few years. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:05:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a97a7773eac94c37b7d4a6e20011b973 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-4676 1757-4684 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:05:04Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | Springer Nature |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EMBO Molecular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a97a7773eac94c37b7d4a6e20011b9732024-03-03T02:48:24ZengSpringer NatureEMBO Molecular Medicine1757-46761757-46842018-10-011010n/an/a10.15252/emmm.201708259Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseasesIsha Akhtar‐Schäfer0Luping Wang1Tim U Krohne2Heping Xu3Thomas Langmann4Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye Department of Ophthalmology University of Cologne Cologne GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology University of Bonn Bonn GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology University of Bonn Bonn GermanyCentre for Experimental Medicine The Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UKLaboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye Department of Ophthalmology University of Cologne Cologne GermanyAbstract This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes an unbalanced retinal immune reaction involving responses of local microglia and recruited macrophages, activity of the alternative complement system, and inflammasome assembly in the retinal pigment epithelium. Presenting these key mechanisms as complementary targets, we specifically emphasize the concept of immunomodulation as potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay vision loss. Promising molecules are ligands for phagocyte receptors, specific inhibitors of complement activation products, and inflammasome inhibitors. We comprehensively summarize the scientific evidence for this strategy from preclinical animal models, human ocular tissue analyses, and clinical trials evolving in the last few years.https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201708259complementinflammasomemicrogliamononuclear phagocytesretina |
| spellingShingle | Isha Akhtar‐Schäfer Luping Wang Tim U Krohne Heping Xu Thomas Langmann Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases EMBO Molecular Medicine complement inflammasome microglia mononuclear phagocytes retina |
| title | Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases |
| title_full | Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases |
| title_fullStr | Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases |
| title_short | Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases |
| title_sort | modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases |
| topic | complement inflammasome microglia mononuclear phagocytes retina |
| url | https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201708259 |
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