Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>
Knowledge of the molecular changes in resistant and susceptible cultivars during nematode attack is essential for developing plant resistance. Increased expression of genes related to the synthesis and signaling of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene is known to induce expression of genes re...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| author | Ameneh Asadi-Sardari Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghadam Mohammad Zaki-Aghl Ramesh Raju Vetukuri |
| author_facet | Ameneh Asadi-Sardari Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghadam Mohammad Zaki-Aghl Ramesh Raju Vetukuri |
| author_sort | Ameneh Asadi-Sardari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Knowledge of the molecular changes in resistant and susceptible cultivars during nematode attack is essential for developing plant resistance. Increased expression of genes related to the synthesis and signaling of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene is known to induce expression of genes related to defense against plant parasitic nematodes. Here, we inoculated approximately 3000 s-stage juveniles (J2s) of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> to moderately resistant and highly susceptible tomato cultivars (ALYSTE F-1 and Dutch Mobil, respectively) to compare the developmental disease stages. The roots of each cultivar were collected daily until 30 days after inoculation (DAI). The roots were stained with acid-fuchsin and dissected under a microscope. The results showed that a few parasitic J2s were converted to J3s in the moderately resistant cultivar at 14 DAI, at which time, the highly susceptible cultivar had the highest number of J3s. Comparison of hormonal pathways in the two cultivars revealed that the expression of genes related to the ethylene pathway in ALYSTE F-1 was more strongly upregulated than in Dutch Mobil at 14 DAI. Moreover, the jasmonic acid pathway in the roots of both cultivars decreased at 14 DAI. The expression of genes related to salicylic acid synthesis and signaling was not significantly different between the two cultivars with regard to their non-inoculated controls, respectively, but ALYSTE F-1 in general showed constitutively higher levels of these genes compared to Dutch Mobil at 14 DAI. These results suggest that constitutive and induced expression of genes related to the salicylic acid pathway and ethylene pathway, respectively, delay the development of <i>M. javanica</i> J2s in ALYSTE F-1. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:12Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-a97da17820e2465ab937adf1bb4d49642023-11-24T12:41:46ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-12-011212212210.3390/agriculture12122122Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>Ameneh Asadi-Sardari0Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghadam1Mohammad Zaki-Aghl2Ramesh Raju Vetukuri3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad P.O. Box 91775-1163, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad P.O. Box 91775-1163, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad P.O. Box 91775-1163, IranDepartment of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, SE-23422 Lomma, SwedenKnowledge of the molecular changes in resistant and susceptible cultivars during nematode attack is essential for developing plant resistance. Increased expression of genes related to the synthesis and signaling of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene is known to induce expression of genes related to defense against plant parasitic nematodes. Here, we inoculated approximately 3000 s-stage juveniles (J2s) of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> to moderately resistant and highly susceptible tomato cultivars (ALYSTE F-1 and Dutch Mobil, respectively) to compare the developmental disease stages. The roots of each cultivar were collected daily until 30 days after inoculation (DAI). The roots were stained with acid-fuchsin and dissected under a microscope. The results showed that a few parasitic J2s were converted to J3s in the moderately resistant cultivar at 14 DAI, at which time, the highly susceptible cultivar had the highest number of J3s. Comparison of hormonal pathways in the two cultivars revealed that the expression of genes related to the ethylene pathway in ALYSTE F-1 was more strongly upregulated than in Dutch Mobil at 14 DAI. Moreover, the jasmonic acid pathway in the roots of both cultivars decreased at 14 DAI. The expression of genes related to salicylic acid synthesis and signaling was not significantly different between the two cultivars with regard to their non-inoculated controls, respectively, but ALYSTE F-1 in general showed constitutively higher levels of these genes compared to Dutch Mobil at 14 DAI. These results suggest that constitutive and induced expression of genes related to the salicylic acid pathway and ethylene pathway, respectively, delay the development of <i>M. javanica</i> J2s in ALYSTE F-1.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2122acid-fuchsindisease development stagesgene expressionhighly susceptible cultivarhormonal cyclesjasmonic acid pathway |
| spellingShingle | Ameneh Asadi-Sardari Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghadam Mohammad Zaki-Aghl Ramesh Raju Vetukuri Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> Agriculture acid-fuchsin disease development stages gene expression highly susceptible cultivar hormonal cycles jasmonic acid pathway |
| title | Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> |
| title_full | Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> |
| title_fullStr | Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> |
| title_short | Constitutive and Inducible Expression of Genes Related to Salicylic Acid and Ethylene Pathways in a Moderately Resistant Tomato Cultivar Leads to Delayed Development of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> |
| title_sort | constitutive and inducible expression of genes related to salicylic acid and ethylene pathways in a moderately resistant tomato cultivar leads to delayed development of i meloidogyne javanica i |
| topic | acid-fuchsin disease development stages gene expression highly susceptible cultivar hormonal cycles jasmonic acid pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2122 |
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