Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration
Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant tissues of the human body and is responsible for the generation of movement. Muscle injuries can lead to severe disability. Skeletal muscle is characterized by an important regeneration capacity, which is possible due to the interaction between the myoblas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113214/full |
| _version_ | 1797894278495600640 |
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| author | Jiram Torres-Ruiz Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar Diana Gómez-Martín |
| author_facet | Jiram Torres-Ruiz Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar Diana Gómez-Martín |
| author_sort | Jiram Torres-Ruiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant tissues of the human body and is responsible for the generation of movement. Muscle injuries can lead to severe disability. Skeletal muscle is characterized by an important regeneration capacity, which is possible due to the interaction between the myoblasts and immune cells. Neutrophils are fundamental as inducers of muscle damage and as promoters of the initial inflammatory response which eventually allows the muscle repair. The main functions of the neutrophils are phagocytosis, respiratory burst, degranulation, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). An overactivation of neutrophils after muscle injuries may lead to an expansion of the initial damage and can hamper the successful muscle repair. The importance of neutrophils as inducers of muscle damage extends beyond acute muscle injury and recently, neutrophils have become more relevant as part of the immunopathogenesis of chronic muscle diseases like idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). This heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune diseases is characterized by the presence of muscle inflammation with a variable amount of extramuscular features. In IIM, neutrophils have been found to have a role as biomarkers of disease activity, and their expansion in peripheral blood is related to certain clinical features like interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cancer. On the other hand, low density granulocytes (LDG) are a distinctive subtype of neutrophils characterized by an enhanced production of NETs. These cells along with the NETs have also been related to disease activity and certain clinical features like ILD, vasculopathy, calcinosis, dermatosis, and cutaneous ulcers. The role of NETs in the immunopathogenesis of IIM is supported by an enhanced production and deficient degradation of NETs that have been observed in patients with dermatomyositis and anti-synthetase syndrome. Finally, new interest has arisen in the study of other phenotypes of LDG with a phenotype corresponding to myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which were also found to be expanded in patients with IIM and were related to disease activity. In this review, we discuss the role of neutrophils as both orchestrators of muscle repair and inducers of muscle damage, focusing on the immunopathogenesis of IIM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:07:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a98c92fa124944779e7091f2cdff2006 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:07:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a98c92fa124944779e7091f2cdff20062023-02-27T06:36:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-02-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.11132141113214Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regenerationJiram Torres-Ruiz0Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona1Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona2Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar3Diana Gómez-Martín4Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, MexicoDepartment of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratory of Entomology, Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratory of Entomology, Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartment of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, MexicoSkeletal muscle is one of the most abundant tissues of the human body and is responsible for the generation of movement. Muscle injuries can lead to severe disability. Skeletal muscle is characterized by an important regeneration capacity, which is possible due to the interaction between the myoblasts and immune cells. Neutrophils are fundamental as inducers of muscle damage and as promoters of the initial inflammatory response which eventually allows the muscle repair. The main functions of the neutrophils are phagocytosis, respiratory burst, degranulation, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). An overactivation of neutrophils after muscle injuries may lead to an expansion of the initial damage and can hamper the successful muscle repair. The importance of neutrophils as inducers of muscle damage extends beyond acute muscle injury and recently, neutrophils have become more relevant as part of the immunopathogenesis of chronic muscle diseases like idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). This heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune diseases is characterized by the presence of muscle inflammation with a variable amount of extramuscular features. In IIM, neutrophils have been found to have a role as biomarkers of disease activity, and their expansion in peripheral blood is related to certain clinical features like interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cancer. On the other hand, low density granulocytes (LDG) are a distinctive subtype of neutrophils characterized by an enhanced production of NETs. These cells along with the NETs have also been related to disease activity and certain clinical features like ILD, vasculopathy, calcinosis, dermatosis, and cutaneous ulcers. The role of NETs in the immunopathogenesis of IIM is supported by an enhanced production and deficient degradation of NETs that have been observed in patients with dermatomyositis and anti-synthetase syndrome. Finally, new interest has arisen in the study of other phenotypes of LDG with a phenotype corresponding to myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which were also found to be expanded in patients with IIM and were related to disease activity. In this review, we discuss the role of neutrophils as both orchestrators of muscle repair and inducers of muscle damage, focusing on the immunopathogenesis of IIM.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113214/fullmuscle regenerationneutrophilsneutrophil extracellular trapslow density granulocytesmyositis |
| spellingShingle | Jiram Torres-Ruiz Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar Diana Gómez-Martín Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration Frontiers in Immunology muscle regeneration neutrophils neutrophil extracellular traps low density granulocytes myositis |
| title | Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration |
| title_full | Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration |
| title_short | Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration |
| title_sort | inflammatory myopathies and beyond the dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration |
| topic | muscle regeneration neutrophils neutrophil extracellular traps low density granulocytes myositis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113214/full |
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