Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where differences are often present relating to the performance of motor skills. Our previous work elucidated unique event-related potential patterns of neural activity in those with ADHD when performing visuomotor and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/2/370 |
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| author | Heather S. McCracken Bernadette A. Murphy Ushani Ambalavanar Cheryl M. Glazebrook Paul C. Yielder |
| author_facet | Heather S. McCracken Bernadette A. Murphy Ushani Ambalavanar Cheryl M. Glazebrook Paul C. Yielder |
| author_sort | Heather S. McCracken |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where differences are often present relating to the performance of motor skills. Our previous work elucidated unique event-related potential patterns of neural activity in those with ADHD when performing visuomotor and force-matching motor paradigms. The purpose of the current study was to identify whether there were unique neural sources related to somatosensory function and motor performance in those with ADHD. Source localization (sLORETA) software identified areas where neural activity differed between those with ADHD and neurotypical controls when performing a visuomotor tracing task and force-matching task. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited, while whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was performed. sLORETA localized greater neural activity post-FMT in those with ADHD, when compared with their baseline activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Specifically, greater activity was exhibited in BA 31, precuneus, parietal lobe (MNI coordinates: X = −5, Y = −75, and Z = 20) at 156 ms post stimulation. No significant differences were found for any other comparisons. Increased activity within BA 31 in those with ADHD at post-FMT measures may reflect increased activation within the default mode network (DMN) or attentional changes, suggesting a unique neural response to the sensory processing of force and proprioceptive afferent input in those with ADHD when performing motor skills. This may have important functional implications for motor tasks dependent on similar proprioceptive afferent input. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:04:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a995552b4902477da59d038334f08c15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:04:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a995552b4902477da59d038334f08c152023-11-16T19:30:05ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-02-0113237010.3390/brainsci13020370Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderHeather S. McCracken0Bernadette A. Murphy1Ushani Ambalavanar2Cheryl M. Glazebrook3Paul C. Yielder4Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, CanadaFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, CanadaFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, CanadaFaculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, CanadaAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where differences are often present relating to the performance of motor skills. Our previous work elucidated unique event-related potential patterns of neural activity in those with ADHD when performing visuomotor and force-matching motor paradigms. The purpose of the current study was to identify whether there were unique neural sources related to somatosensory function and motor performance in those with ADHD. Source localization (sLORETA) software identified areas where neural activity differed between those with ADHD and neurotypical controls when performing a visuomotor tracing task and force-matching task. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited, while whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was performed. sLORETA localized greater neural activity post-FMT in those with ADHD, when compared with their baseline activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Specifically, greater activity was exhibited in BA 31, precuneus, parietal lobe (MNI coordinates: X = −5, Y = −75, and Z = 20) at 156 ms post stimulation. No significant differences were found for any other comparisons. Increased activity within BA 31 in those with ADHD at post-FMT measures may reflect increased activation within the default mode network (DMN) or attentional changes, suggesting a unique neural response to the sensory processing of force and proprioceptive afferent input in those with ADHD when performing motor skills. This may have important functional implications for motor tasks dependent on similar proprioceptive afferent input.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/2/370Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)source localizationsLORETAmotor learning |
| spellingShingle | Heather S. McCracken Bernadette A. Murphy Ushani Ambalavanar Cheryl M. Glazebrook Paul C. Yielder Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Brain Sciences Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) source localization sLORETA motor learning |
| title | Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_full | Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_fullStr | Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_short | Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_sort | source localization of somatosensory neural generators in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| topic | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) source localization sLORETA motor learning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/2/370 |
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