Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy
The depletion of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases have increased the demand for new and sustainable energy sources, leading to growing interest in using fast-growing filamentous fungi as a source of bioenergy. This study aimed to optimize the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) a...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2330 |
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| author | Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin Zul Ilham Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin Rahayu Ahmad Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar |
| author_facet | Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin Zul Ilham Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin Rahayu Ahmad Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar |
| author_sort | Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The depletion of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases have increased the demand for new and sustainable energy sources, leading to growing interest in using fast-growing filamentous fungi as a source of bioenergy. This study aimed to optimize the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and mycelial biomass (MB) from the native medicinal mushroom, <i>Lignosus rhinocerus,</i> through submerged liquid fermentation. Using response surface methodology (RSM), it was found that the glucose concentration and speed of agitation significantly influenced the production of MB and EPS (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the initial pH medium had an insignificant effect. The validated optimized parameters of 50.0 g/L glucose, initial pH 4.0, and 128 rpm for speed of agitation were tested in 500 mL shake flasks, 5 L, and 13 L stirred-tank (STR) bioreactors. The production of MB and EPS increased significantly by ~1.2-fold in the 5 L STR and further increased to ~1.7-fold (MB) and ~2.4-fold (EPS) in the 13 L STR bioreactor compared to the shake flask. The lipid content of MB was also determined, with a result of 2.07% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> using the Soxhlet extraction method. To conclude, this study emphasizes the ability of <i>L. rhinocerus</i> as a new source of bioenergy through large-scale production, with optimized parameters serving as a reference for future research and practical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:25:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9af0ecc71e646f6a0d9a31257eb0d31 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:25:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9af0ecc71e646f6a0d9a31257eb0d312023-11-17T07:37:11ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-02-01165233010.3390/en16052330Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as BioenergySiti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin0Zul Ilham1Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin2Rahayu Ahmad3Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar4Agro-Biotechnology Institute (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Serdang 43400, MalaysiaBioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaEnvironmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaHalal Action Laboratory, Kolej GENIUS Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, MalaysiaFunctional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaThe depletion of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases have increased the demand for new and sustainable energy sources, leading to growing interest in using fast-growing filamentous fungi as a source of bioenergy. This study aimed to optimize the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and mycelial biomass (MB) from the native medicinal mushroom, <i>Lignosus rhinocerus,</i> through submerged liquid fermentation. Using response surface methodology (RSM), it was found that the glucose concentration and speed of agitation significantly influenced the production of MB and EPS (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the initial pH medium had an insignificant effect. The validated optimized parameters of 50.0 g/L glucose, initial pH 4.0, and 128 rpm for speed of agitation were tested in 500 mL shake flasks, 5 L, and 13 L stirred-tank (STR) bioreactors. The production of MB and EPS increased significantly by ~1.2-fold in the 5 L STR and further increased to ~1.7-fold (MB) and ~2.4-fold (EPS) in the 13 L STR bioreactor compared to the shake flask. The lipid content of MB was also determined, with a result of 2.07% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> using the Soxhlet extraction method. To conclude, this study emphasizes the ability of <i>L. rhinocerus</i> as a new source of bioenergy through large-scale production, with optimized parameters serving as a reference for future research and practical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2330biodieselbioreactor fermentationexopolysaccharides<i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i>response surface methodologytiger milk mushroom |
| spellingShingle | Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin Zul Ilham Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin Rahayu Ahmad Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy Energies biodiesel bioreactor fermentation exopolysaccharides <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> response surface methodology tiger milk mushroom |
| title | Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy |
| title_full | Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy |
| title_short | Enhancing Biomass-Exopolysaccharides Production of <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> in a High-Scale Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Potential Lipid as Bioenergy |
| title_sort | enhancing biomass exopolysaccharides production of i lignosus rhinocerus i in a high scale stirred tank bioreactor and its potential lipid as bioenergy |
| topic | biodiesel bioreactor fermentation exopolysaccharides <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> response surface methodology tiger milk mushroom |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2330 |
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