Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities.
Cleaning behaviour is deemed a mutualism, however the benefit of cleaning interactions to client individuals is unknown. Furthermore, mechanisms that may shift fish community structure in the presence of cleaning organisms are unclear. Here we show that on patch reefs (61-285 m²) which had all clean...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21731670/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1818837954998566912 |
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| author | Peter A Waldie Simon P Blomberg Karen L Cheney Anne W Goldizen Alexandra S Grutter |
| author_facet | Peter A Waldie Simon P Blomberg Karen L Cheney Anne W Goldizen Alexandra S Grutter |
| author_sort | Peter A Waldie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cleaning behaviour is deemed a mutualism, however the benefit of cleaning interactions to client individuals is unknown. Furthermore, mechanisms that may shift fish community structure in the presence of cleaning organisms are unclear. Here we show that on patch reefs (61-285 m²) which had all cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus (Labridae) experimentally removed (1-5 adults reef⁻¹) and which were then maintained cleaner-fish free over 8.5 years, individuals of two site-attached (resident) client damselfishes (Pomacentridae) were smaller compared to those on control reefs. Furthermore, resident fishes were 37% less abundant and 23% less species rich per reef, compared to control reefs. Such changes in site-attached fish may reflect lower fish growth rates and/or survivorship. Additionally, juveniles of visitors (fish likely to move between reefs) were 65% less abundant on removal reefs suggesting cleaners may also affect recruitment. This may, in part, explain the 23% lower abundance and 33% lower species richness of visitor fishes, and 66% lower abundance of visitor herbivores (Acanthuridae) on removal reefs that we also observed. This is the first study to demonstrate a benefit of cleaning behaviour to client individuals, in the form of increased size, and to elucidate potential mechanisms leading to community-wide effects on the fish population. Many of the fish groups affected may also indirectly affect other reef organisms, thus further impacting the reef community. The large-scale effect of the presence of the relatively small and uncommon fish, Labroides dimidiadus, on other fishes is unparalleled on coral reefs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:30:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9af9cdbd46e45119ee7434441b01e61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:30:43Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9af9cdbd46e45119ee7434441b01e612022-12-21T20:37:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032011-01-0166e2120110.1371/journal.pone.0021201Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities.Peter A WaldieSimon P BlombergKaren L CheneyAnne W GoldizenAlexandra S GrutterCleaning behaviour is deemed a mutualism, however the benefit of cleaning interactions to client individuals is unknown. Furthermore, mechanisms that may shift fish community structure in the presence of cleaning organisms are unclear. Here we show that on patch reefs (61-285 m²) which had all cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus (Labridae) experimentally removed (1-5 adults reef⁻¹) and which were then maintained cleaner-fish free over 8.5 years, individuals of two site-attached (resident) client damselfishes (Pomacentridae) were smaller compared to those on control reefs. Furthermore, resident fishes were 37% less abundant and 23% less species rich per reef, compared to control reefs. Such changes in site-attached fish may reflect lower fish growth rates and/or survivorship. Additionally, juveniles of visitors (fish likely to move between reefs) were 65% less abundant on removal reefs suggesting cleaners may also affect recruitment. This may, in part, explain the 23% lower abundance and 33% lower species richness of visitor fishes, and 66% lower abundance of visitor herbivores (Acanthuridae) on removal reefs that we also observed. This is the first study to demonstrate a benefit of cleaning behaviour to client individuals, in the form of increased size, and to elucidate potential mechanisms leading to community-wide effects on the fish population. Many of the fish groups affected may also indirectly affect other reef organisms, thus further impacting the reef community. The large-scale effect of the presence of the relatively small and uncommon fish, Labroides dimidiadus, on other fishes is unparalleled on coral reefs.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21731670/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Peter A Waldie Simon P Blomberg Karen L Cheney Anne W Goldizen Alexandra S Grutter Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities. PLoS ONE |
| title | Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities. |
| title_full | Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities. |
| title_fullStr | Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities. |
| title_short | Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities. |
| title_sort | long term effects of the cleaner fish labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21731670/pdf/?tool=EBI |
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