Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic neoplasms in Western society. In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased, and it has become the third most common female gynecological cancer (after ovarian and cervical cancer) in Taiwan. Adlay (<i>C...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1966 |
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| author | Yun-Ju Huang Chih-Chao Chang Yun-Ya Wang Wen-Chang Chiang Yin-Hwa Shih Tzong-Ming Shieh Kai-Lee Wang Mohamed Ali Shih-Min Hsia |
| author_facet | Yun-Ju Huang Chih-Chao Chang Yun-Ya Wang Wen-Chang Chiang Yin-Hwa Shih Tzong-Ming Shieh Kai-Lee Wang Mohamed Ali Shih-Min Hsia |
| author_sort | Yun-Ju Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic neoplasms in Western society. In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased, and it has become the third most common female gynecological cancer (after ovarian and cervical cancer) in Taiwan. Adlay (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) has been demonstrated to have bioactive polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and essential nutrients for health benefits, including anticancer effects in humans. However, little is known about the effect of adlay seeds on endometrial cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the potential growth inhibitory effects of several adlay seed fractions, including ethyl acetate (ATE-EA) and its bioactive constituents, separately on endometrial cancer cells—HEC-1A (phosphatase and tensin homolog-positive) and RL95-2 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-negative)—and identify related active ingredients. In addition, the potential active fractions and the phytochemical compounds were elucidated. The results demonstrate superior activity of ATE-EA with significant in vitro cell proliferation inhibitory capacity, particularly its C.D.E.F-subfraction. Moreover, HPLC- and GC/FID-based quantification of ATE-EA subfractions showed that phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde), flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acid compounds exert anti-proliferative effects in the cell model. Finally, it was shown that cell growth and cell cycle arrest most significantly occurred in the in G1 or G2/M phase under ATE-EA treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate an antiproliferative effect of ATE-EA on endometrial cancer cells that suggest a positive health outcome for women from consumption of these compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:44:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9b211b9e2a44bddaf811c5fad65be5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:44:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9b211b9e2a44bddaf811c5fad65be5d2023-11-21T13:36:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-03-01267196610.3390/molecules26071966Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle ArrestYun-Ju Huang0Chih-Chao Chang1Yun-Ya Wang2Wen-Chang Chiang3Yin-Hwa Shih4Tzong-Ming Shieh5Kai-Lee Wang6Mohamed Ali7Shih-Min Hsia8School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, TaiwanSchool of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, TaiwanCollege of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanCollege of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, TaiwanSchool of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, TaiwanDepartment of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung City 203301, TaiwanClinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, EgyptSchool of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, TaiwanEndometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic neoplasms in Western society. In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased, and it has become the third most common female gynecological cancer (after ovarian and cervical cancer) in Taiwan. Adlay (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) has been demonstrated to have bioactive polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and essential nutrients for health benefits, including anticancer effects in humans. However, little is known about the effect of adlay seeds on endometrial cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the potential growth inhibitory effects of several adlay seed fractions, including ethyl acetate (ATE-EA) and its bioactive constituents, separately on endometrial cancer cells—HEC-1A (phosphatase and tensin homolog-positive) and RL95-2 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-negative)—and identify related active ingredients. In addition, the potential active fractions and the phytochemical compounds were elucidated. The results demonstrate superior activity of ATE-EA with significant in vitro cell proliferation inhibitory capacity, particularly its C.D.E.F-subfraction. Moreover, HPLC- and GC/FID-based quantification of ATE-EA subfractions showed that phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde), flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acid compounds exert anti-proliferative effects in the cell model. Finally, it was shown that cell growth and cell cycle arrest most significantly occurred in the in G1 or G2/M phase under ATE-EA treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate an antiproliferative effect of ATE-EA on endometrial cancer cells that suggest a positive health outcome for women from consumption of these compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1966Adlaypolyphenolflavonoidsphytosterolsinhibitory effects |
| spellingShingle | Yun-Ju Huang Chih-Chao Chang Yun-Ya Wang Wen-Chang Chiang Yin-Hwa Shih Tzong-Ming Shieh Kai-Lee Wang Mohamed Ali Shih-Min Hsia Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest Molecules Adlay polyphenol flavonoids phytosterols inhibitory effects |
| title | Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest |
| title_full | Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest |
| title_fullStr | Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest |
| title_short | Adlay Testa (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. var. <i>Ma-yuen</i> Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest |
| title_sort | adlay testa i coix lachryma jobi i l var i ma yuen i stapf ethanolic extract and its active components exert anti proliferative effects on endometrial cancer cells via cell cycle arrest |
| topic | Adlay polyphenol flavonoids phytosterols inhibitory effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1966 |
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