Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis
Zirconium (Zr) is one of the toxic metals that are heavily incorporated into the ecosystem due to intensive human activities. Their accumulation in the ecosystem disrupts the food chain, causing undesired alterations. Despite Zr’s phytotoxicity, its impact on plant growth and redox status remains un...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3792 |
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| author | Mahmoud M. Y. Madany Hamada AbdElgawad Doaa A. Galilah Ahmed M. A. Khalil Ahmed M. Saleh |
| author_facet | Mahmoud M. Y. Madany Hamada AbdElgawad Doaa A. Galilah Ahmed M. A. Khalil Ahmed M. Saleh |
| author_sort | Mahmoud M. Y. Madany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zirconium (Zr) is one of the toxic metals that are heavily incorporated into the ecosystem due to intensive human activities. Their accumulation in the ecosystem disrupts the food chain, causing undesired alterations. Despite Zr’s phytotoxicity, its impact on plant growth and redox status remains unclear, particularly if combined with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>). Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that eCO<sub>2</sub> can alleviate the phytotoxic impact of Zr upon oat (<i>Avena sativa</i>) plants by enhancing their growth and redox homeostasis. A complete randomized block experimental design (CRBD) was applied to test our hypothesis. Generally, contamination with Zr strikingly diminished the biomass and photosynthetic efficiency of oat plants. Accordingly, contamination with Zr triggered remarkable oxidative damage in oat plants, with concomitant alteration in the antioxidant defense system of oat plants. Contrarily, elevated levels of CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) significantly mitigated the adverse effect of Zr upon both fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthesis of oat plants. The improved photosynthesis consequently quenched the oxidative damage caused by Zr by reducing the levels of both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA. Moreover, eCO<sub>2</sub> augmented the total antioxidant capacity with the concomitant accumulation of molecular antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids). In addition, eCO<sub>2</sub> not only improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but also boosted the ASC/GSH metabolic pool that plays a pivotal role in regulating redox homeostasis in plant cells. In this regard, our research offers a novel perspective by delving into the previously unexplored realm of the alleviative effects of eCO<sub>2</sub>. It sheds light on how eCO<sub>2</sub> distinctively mitigates oxidative stress induced by Zr, achieving this by orchestrating adjustments to the redox balance within oat plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:31:39Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:31:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a9b67cb75f194ccc8d7fa4e08af57d322023-11-24T15:01:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-11-011222379210.3390/plants12223792Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS HomeostasisMahmoud M. Y. Madany0Hamada AbdElgawad1Doaa A. Galilah2Ahmed M. A. Khalil3Ahmed M. Saleh4Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41411, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptBiology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi ArabiaZirconium (Zr) is one of the toxic metals that are heavily incorporated into the ecosystem due to intensive human activities. Their accumulation in the ecosystem disrupts the food chain, causing undesired alterations. Despite Zr’s phytotoxicity, its impact on plant growth and redox status remains unclear, particularly if combined with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>). Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that eCO<sub>2</sub> can alleviate the phytotoxic impact of Zr upon oat (<i>Avena sativa</i>) plants by enhancing their growth and redox homeostasis. A complete randomized block experimental design (CRBD) was applied to test our hypothesis. Generally, contamination with Zr strikingly diminished the biomass and photosynthetic efficiency of oat plants. Accordingly, contamination with Zr triggered remarkable oxidative damage in oat plants, with concomitant alteration in the antioxidant defense system of oat plants. Contrarily, elevated levels of CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) significantly mitigated the adverse effect of Zr upon both fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthesis of oat plants. The improved photosynthesis consequently quenched the oxidative damage caused by Zr by reducing the levels of both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA. Moreover, eCO<sub>2</sub> augmented the total antioxidant capacity with the concomitant accumulation of molecular antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids). In addition, eCO<sub>2</sub> not only improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but also boosted the ASC/GSH metabolic pool that plays a pivotal role in regulating redox homeostasis in plant cells. In this regard, our research offers a novel perspective by delving into the previously unexplored realm of the alleviative effects of eCO<sub>2</sub>. It sheds light on how eCO<sub>2</sub> distinctively mitigates oxidative stress induced by Zr, achieving this by orchestrating adjustments to the redox balance within oat plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3792antioxidantsascorbate/glutathione cycle<i>Avena sativa</i>oxidative damagetoxic metals |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud M. Y. Madany Hamada AbdElgawad Doaa A. Galilah Ahmed M. A. Khalil Ahmed M. Saleh Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis Plants antioxidants ascorbate/glutathione cycle <i>Avena sativa</i> oxidative damage toxic metals |
| title | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis |
| title_full | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis |
| title_fullStr | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis |
| title_short | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Can Improve the Tolerance of <i>Avena sativa</i> to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis |
| title_sort | elevated co sub 2 sub can improve the tolerance of i avena sativa i to cope with zirconium pollution by enhancing ros homeostasis |
| topic | antioxidants ascorbate/glutathione cycle <i>Avena sativa</i> oxidative damage toxic metals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3792 |
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