Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon
The objective was to evaluate the effects of palm kernel cake (PKC) supplementation on voluntary feed intake, in situ rumen degradability and performance in the wettest (WS—January to June) and less rainy seasons (LR—July to December) in the eastern Amazon. A total of 52 crossbred buffaloes that wer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/5/934 |
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| author | João Maria do Amaral-Júnior Eziquiel de Morais Alyne Cristina Sodré Lima Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Benjamim de Souza Nahúm Luciano Fernandes Sousa José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Artur Luiz da Costa Silva André Guimarães Maciel e Silva |
| author_facet | João Maria do Amaral-Júnior Eziquiel de Morais Alyne Cristina Sodré Lima Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Benjamim de Souza Nahúm Luciano Fernandes Sousa José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Artur Luiz da Costa Silva André Guimarães Maciel e Silva |
| author_sort | João Maria do Amaral-Júnior |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective was to evaluate the effects of palm kernel cake (PKC) supplementation on voluntary feed intake, in situ rumen degradability and performance in the wettest (WS—January to June) and less rainy seasons (LR—July to December) in the eastern Amazon. A total of 52 crossbred buffaloes that were neither lactating nor gestating were used, with 24 for the LR, aged 34 ± 04 months and an initial average weight of 503 ± 48 kg, and 24 for the WS aged 40 ± 04 months with an average weight of 605 ± 56 kg. The four treatments (levels of PKC in relation to body weight) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 0% (PKC0), 0.25% (PKC0.2), 0.5% (PKC0.5) and 1% (PKC1) with six repetitions. The animals were housed in Marandu grass paddocks, intermittently, with access to water and mineral mixture ad libitum. Degradability was evaluated by the in situ bag technique in four other crossbred buffaloes with rumen cannulae, in a 4 × 4 Latin square (four periods and four treatments). The inclusion of PKC increased supplement consumption and production of ether extracts and reduced the intake of forage and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The dry matter degradability of Marandu grass was not affected; however, the fermentation kinetics in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) differed between the treatments. The co-product dry matter colonization time was greater in PKC1 and the highest effective degradability rates were from PKC0, but the productive performance of the animals was not influenced. Supplementation of buffaloes with PKC is recommended for up to 1% of body weight. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:32:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9bc25967d62450392c6a9c561a87d4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:32:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9bc25967d62450392c6a9c561a87d4f2023-11-17T07:14:18ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-03-0113593410.3390/ani13050934Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern AmazonJoão Maria do Amaral-Júnior0Eziquiel de Morais1Alyne Cristina Sodré Lima2Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano3Benjamim de Souza Nahúm4Luciano Fernandes Sousa5José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior6Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues7Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva8Artur Luiz da Costa Silva9André Guimarães Maciel e Silva10Federal Institute of Amapá (IFAP), Porto Grande 68997-000, AP, BrazilFederal Institute of Pará (IFPA), Castanhal 68741-400, PA, BrazilFederal Institute of Amapá (IFAP), Porto Grande 68997-000, AP, BrazilEmbrapa Eastern Amazon, Santarém 68020-640, PA, BrazilEmbrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém 66095-903, PA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Araguaína 77804-970, TO, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilInstitute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém 66077-580, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-630, PA, BrazilThe objective was to evaluate the effects of palm kernel cake (PKC) supplementation on voluntary feed intake, in situ rumen degradability and performance in the wettest (WS—January to June) and less rainy seasons (LR—July to December) in the eastern Amazon. A total of 52 crossbred buffaloes that were neither lactating nor gestating were used, with 24 for the LR, aged 34 ± 04 months and an initial average weight of 503 ± 48 kg, and 24 for the WS aged 40 ± 04 months with an average weight of 605 ± 56 kg. The four treatments (levels of PKC in relation to body weight) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 0% (PKC0), 0.25% (PKC0.2), 0.5% (PKC0.5) and 1% (PKC1) with six repetitions. The animals were housed in Marandu grass paddocks, intermittently, with access to water and mineral mixture ad libitum. Degradability was evaluated by the in situ bag technique in four other crossbred buffaloes with rumen cannulae, in a 4 × 4 Latin square (four periods and four treatments). The inclusion of PKC increased supplement consumption and production of ether extracts and reduced the intake of forage and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The dry matter degradability of Marandu grass was not affected; however, the fermentation kinetics in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) differed between the treatments. The co-product dry matter colonization time was greater in PKC1 and the highest effective degradability rates were from PKC0, but the productive performance of the animals was not influenced. Supplementation of buffaloes with PKC is recommended for up to 1% of body weight.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/5/934co-productsoilseednutritionbuffaloesweight gain |
| spellingShingle | João Maria do Amaral-Júnior Eziquiel de Morais Alyne Cristina Sodré Lima Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Benjamim de Souza Nahúm Luciano Fernandes Sousa José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Artur Luiz da Costa Silva André Guimarães Maciel e Silva Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon Animals co-products oilseed nutrition buffaloes weight gain |
| title | Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon |
| title_full | Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon |
| title_short | Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, In Situ Rumen Degradability and Performance in Buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon |
| title_sort | effect of palm kernel cake supplementation on voluntary feed intake in situ rumen degradability and performance in buffaloes in the eastern amazon |
| topic | co-products oilseed nutrition buffaloes weight gain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/5/934 |
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