Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheres
Introduction: Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a newly emerged therapeutic peptide to reduce the frequency of relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its good performance in controlling MS, it is not widely used due to daily or biweekly subcutaneous injections due to rapid degradation and body cleara...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
2022-11-01
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| Series: | BioImpacts |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://bi.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/bi-12-501.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797900442397573120 |
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| author | Fatima Molavi Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali Hamed Hamishehkar |
| author_facet | Fatima Molavi Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali Hamed Hamishehkar |
| author_sort | Fatima Molavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a newly emerged therapeutic peptide to reduce the frequency of relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its good performance in controlling MS, it is not widely used due to daily or biweekly subcutaneous injections due to rapid degradation and body clearance. Therefore, implant design with sustained release leads to prolonged biological effects by gradually increasing drug exposure and protecting GA from rapid local degradation. Methods: Different emulsion methods, PLGA type, surfactant concentration, drug/polymer ratio, drying processes, stirring method, and other variables in preliminary studies modified the final formulation. The release kinetics were studied through mechanistic kinetic models such as zero-order, Weibull, Higuchi, etc. In this study, all challenges for easy scale-up, methodological detail, and a simple, feasible setup in mass production were discussed. Results: The optimized formulation was obtained by 1:6 drug/PLGA, 0.5% w/w polyvinyl alcohol, and 0.75% w/w NaCl in the external aqueous phase, 1:10 continuous phase to dispersed phase ratio, and without any surfactant in the primary emulsion. The final freeze-dried particles presented a narrow distributed size of 1-10 µm with 7.29% ± 0.51 drug loading and zero-order release behavior with appropriate regression correlation (R2 98.7), complete release, and only 7.1% initial burst release. Conclusion: Therefore, to achieve improvement in patient compliance through better and longer efficacy, designing the parenteral sustained release microspheres (MPSs) of this immune modulator is a promising approach that should be considered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T08:45:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9bca0bf01af4c4887a320fc46191ad4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2228-5660 2228-5652 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T08:45:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Tabriz University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioImpacts |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9bca0bf01af4c4887a320fc46191ad42023-02-22T09:11:51ZengTabriz University of Medical SciencesBioImpacts2228-56602228-56522022-11-0112650151310.34172/bi.2022.23733bi-23733Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheresFatima Molavi0Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali1Hamed Hamishehkar2Biotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranBiotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranIntroduction: Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a newly emerged therapeutic peptide to reduce the frequency of relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its good performance in controlling MS, it is not widely used due to daily or biweekly subcutaneous injections due to rapid degradation and body clearance. Therefore, implant design with sustained release leads to prolonged biological effects by gradually increasing drug exposure and protecting GA from rapid local degradation. Methods: Different emulsion methods, PLGA type, surfactant concentration, drug/polymer ratio, drying processes, stirring method, and other variables in preliminary studies modified the final formulation. The release kinetics were studied through mechanistic kinetic models such as zero-order, Weibull, Higuchi, etc. In this study, all challenges for easy scale-up, methodological detail, and a simple, feasible setup in mass production were discussed. Results: The optimized formulation was obtained by 1:6 drug/PLGA, 0.5% w/w polyvinyl alcohol, and 0.75% w/w NaCl in the external aqueous phase, 1:10 continuous phase to dispersed phase ratio, and without any surfactant in the primary emulsion. The final freeze-dried particles presented a narrow distributed size of 1-10 µm with 7.29% ± 0.51 drug loading and zero-order release behavior with appropriate regression correlation (R2 98.7), complete release, and only 7.1% initial burst release. Conclusion: Therefore, to achieve improvement in patient compliance through better and longer efficacy, designing the parenteral sustained release microspheres (MPSs) of this immune modulator is a promising approach that should be considered.https://bi.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/bi-12-501.pdfpeptide and proteindrug deliverypolymeric microparticlesmultiple sclerosiscontrolled releasepoly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
| spellingShingle | Fatima Molavi Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali Hamed Hamishehkar Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheres BioImpacts peptide and protein drug delivery polymeric microparticles multiple sclerosis controlled release poly(d l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
| title | Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheres |
| title_full | Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheres |
| title_fullStr | Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheres |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheres |
| title_short | Changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester-based polymeric microspheres |
| title_sort | changing the daily injection of glatiramer acetate to a monthly long acting product through designing polyester based polymeric microspheres |
| topic | peptide and protein drug delivery polymeric microparticles multiple sclerosis controlled release poly(d l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
| url | https://bi.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/bi-12-501.pdf |
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