Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment Experiment
Surface dissolved dimethylsulfide (DMS) and depth-integrated dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) measurements were made from March to April 2004 during the SOLAS Air–Sea Gas Exchange Experiment (SAGE), a multiple iron enrichment experiment in subantarctic waters SE of New Zealand. During the first two...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/268 |
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| author | Graham Jones Mike Harvey Stacey King Anke Schneider Simon Wright Darren Fortescue Hilton Swan Damien T. Maher |
| author_facet | Graham Jones Mike Harvey Stacey King Anke Schneider Simon Wright Darren Fortescue Hilton Swan Damien T. Maher |
| author_sort | Graham Jones |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface dissolved dimethylsulfide (DMS) and depth-integrated dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) measurements were made from March to April 2004 during the SOLAS Air–Sea Gas Exchange Experiment (SAGE), a multiple iron enrichment experiment in subantarctic waters SE of New Zealand. During the first two iron enrichments, chl <i>a</i> and DMS production were constrained, but during the third enrichment, large pulses of DMS occurred in the fertilised IN patch, compared with the unfertilised OUT patch. During the third and fourth iron infusions, total chl <i>a</i> concentrations doubled from 0.52 to 1.02 µg/L. Hapto8s and prasinophytes accounted for 50%, and 20%, respectively, of total chl <i>a</i>. The large pulses of DMS during the third iron enrichment occurred during high dissolved DMSP concentrations and wind strength; changes in dinoflagellate, haptophyte, and cyanobacteria biomass; and increased microzooplankton grazing that exerted a top down control on phytoplankton production. A further fourth iron enrichment did cause surface waters to increase in DMS, but the effect was not as great as that recorded in the third enrichment. Differences in the biological response between SAGE and several other iron enrichment experiments were concluded to reflect microzooplankton grazing activities and the microbial loop dominance, resulting from mixing of the MLD during storm activity and high winds during iron enrichment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:34:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9ca8857c06a4867b1313038d4672d0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:34:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9ca8857c06a4867b1313038d4672d0d2023-11-19T21:08:42ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122020-04-018426810.3390/jmse8040268Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment ExperimentGraham Jones0Mike Harvey1Stacey King2Anke Schneider3Simon Wright4Darren Fortescue5Hilton Swan6Damien T. Maher7Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, AustraliaNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington 6241, New ZealandCentre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, AustraliaInstitute for Marine Chemistry, University of Oldenburg, 26122 Oldenburg, GermanyAustralian Antarctic Division and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, AustraliaCentre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, AustraliaCentre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, AustraliaSouthern Cross Geoscience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, AustraliaSurface dissolved dimethylsulfide (DMS) and depth-integrated dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) measurements were made from March to April 2004 during the SOLAS Air–Sea Gas Exchange Experiment (SAGE), a multiple iron enrichment experiment in subantarctic waters SE of New Zealand. During the first two iron enrichments, chl <i>a</i> and DMS production were constrained, but during the third enrichment, large pulses of DMS occurred in the fertilised IN patch, compared with the unfertilised OUT patch. During the third and fourth iron infusions, total chl <i>a</i> concentrations doubled from 0.52 to 1.02 µg/L. Hapto8s and prasinophytes accounted for 50%, and 20%, respectively, of total chl <i>a</i>. The large pulses of DMS during the third iron enrichment occurred during high dissolved DMSP concentrations and wind strength; changes in dinoflagellate, haptophyte, and cyanobacteria biomass; and increased microzooplankton grazing that exerted a top down control on phytoplankton production. A further fourth iron enrichment did cause surface waters to increase in DMS, but the effect was not as great as that recorded in the third enrichment. Differences in the biological response between SAGE and several other iron enrichment experiments were concluded to reflect microzooplankton grazing activities and the microbial loop dominance, resulting from mixing of the MLD during storm activity and high winds during iron enrichment.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/268dimethylsulfideiron enrichmentsubantarcticmicrozooplankton grazing |
| spellingShingle | Graham Jones Mike Harvey Stacey King Anke Schneider Simon Wright Darren Fortescue Hilton Swan Damien T. Maher Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment Experiment Journal of Marine Science and Engineering dimethylsulfide iron enrichment subantarctic microzooplankton grazing |
| title | Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment Experiment |
| title_full | Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment Experiment |
| title_fullStr | Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment Experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment Experiment |
| title_short | Varying Biological Activity and Wind Stress Affect the DMS Response during the SAGE Iron Enrichment Experiment |
| title_sort | varying biological activity and wind stress affect the dms response during the sage iron enrichment experiment |
| topic | dimethylsulfide iron enrichment subantarctic microzooplankton grazing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/268 |
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