Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organization
One of the biggest paradoxes in biology is that human genome is roughly 2 m long, while the nucleus containing it is almost one million times smaller. To fit into the nucleus, DNA twists, bends and folds into several hierarchical levels of compaction. Still, DNA has to maintain a high degree of acce...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1155825/full |
| _version_ | 1797859774422843392 |
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| author | Laura Martin Maria Victoria Neguembor Maria Victoria Neguembor Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma |
| author_facet | Laura Martin Maria Victoria Neguembor Maria Victoria Neguembor Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma |
| author_sort | Laura Martin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the biggest paradoxes in biology is that human genome is roughly 2 m long, while the nucleus containing it is almost one million times smaller. To fit into the nucleus, DNA twists, bends and folds into several hierarchical levels of compaction. Still, DNA has to maintain a high degree of accessibility to be readily replicated and transcribed by proteins. How compaction and accessibility co-exist functionally in human cells is still a matter of debate. Here, we discuss how the torsional stress of the DNA helix acts as a buffer, regulating both chromatin compaction and accessibility. We will focus on chromatin supercoiling and on the emerging role of topoisomerases as pivotal regulators of genome organization. We will mainly highlight the major breakthrough studies led by women, with the intention of celebrating the work of this group that remains a minority within the scientific community. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:34:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9d5e84386a546a09bd0f96bd3d3c70e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:34:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9d5e84386a546a09bd0f96bd3d3c70e2023-03-27T04:27:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2023-03-011010.3389/fmolb.2023.11558251155825Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organizationLaura Martin0Maria Victoria Neguembor1Maria Victoria Neguembor2Maria Pia Cosma3Maria Pia Cosma4Maria Pia Cosma5Maria Pia Cosma6Maria Pia Cosma7Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, SpainCentre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, SpainTechnical Contact, Guangzhou, ChinaCentre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, SpainICREA, Barcelona, SpainMedical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaUniversitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainLead Contact, Guangzhou, ChinaOne of the biggest paradoxes in biology is that human genome is roughly 2 m long, while the nucleus containing it is almost one million times smaller. To fit into the nucleus, DNA twists, bends and folds into several hierarchical levels of compaction. Still, DNA has to maintain a high degree of accessibility to be readily replicated and transcribed by proteins. How compaction and accessibility co-exist functionally in human cells is still a matter of debate. Here, we discuss how the torsional stress of the DNA helix acts as a buffer, regulating both chromatin compaction and accessibility. We will focus on chromatin supercoiling and on the emerging role of topoisomerases as pivotal regulators of genome organization. We will mainly highlight the major breakthrough studies led by women, with the intention of celebrating the work of this group that remains a minority within the scientific community.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1155825/fullgenome organizationsupercoilingtopoisomerasestranscriptionwomen |
| spellingShingle | Laura Martin Maria Victoria Neguembor Maria Victoria Neguembor Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Maria Pia Cosma Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organization Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences genome organization supercoiling topoisomerases transcription women |
| title | Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organization |
| title_full | Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organization |
| title_fullStr | Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organization |
| title_short | Women’s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases, supercoiling, and transcription control genome organization |
| title_sort | women s contribution in understanding how topoisomerases supercoiling and transcription control genome organization |
| topic | genome organization supercoiling topoisomerases transcription women |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1155825/full |
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