Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II
Paracrine interactions between malignant estrogen receptor positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer cells and breast adipose fibroblasts (BAFs) stimulate estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase in BAFs. In breast cancer, mainly the cAMP-responsive promoter I.3/II-region mediates excessive arom...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/427 |
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| author | Alexander Kaiser Thomas Krüger Gabriele Eiselt Joachim Bechler Olaf Kniemeyer Otmar Huber Martin Schmidt |
| author_facet | Alexander Kaiser Thomas Krüger Gabriele Eiselt Joachim Bechler Olaf Kniemeyer Otmar Huber Martin Schmidt |
| author_sort | Alexander Kaiser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paracrine interactions between malignant estrogen receptor positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer cells and breast adipose fibroblasts (BAFs) stimulate estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase in BAFs. In breast cancer, mainly the cAMP-responsive promoter I.3/II-region mediates excessive aromatase expression. A rare single nucleotide variant (SNV) in this promoter region, which caused 70% reduction in promoter activity, was utilized for the identification of novel regulators of aromatase expression. To this end, normal and mutant promoter activities were measured in luciferase reporter gene assays. DNA-binding proteins were captured by DNA-affinity and identified by mass spectrometry. The DNA binding of proteins was analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, immunoprecipitation-based in vitro binding assays and by chromatin immunoprecipitation in BAFs in vivo. Protein expression and parylation were analyzed by western blotting. Aromatase activities and RNA-expression were measured in BAFs. Functional consequences of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) knock-out, rescue or overexpression, respectively, were analyzed in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and the 3T3-L1 cell model. In summary, PARP-1 and histone H1 (H1) were identified as critical regulators of aromatase expression. PARP-1-binding to the SNV-region was crucial for aromatase promoter activation. PARP-1 parylated H1 and competed with H1 for DNA-binding, thereby inhibiting its gene silencing action. In MEFs (PARP-1 knock-out and wild-type) and BAFs, PARP-1-mediated induction of the aromatase promoter showed bi-phasic dose responses in overexpression and inhibitor experiments, respectively. The HDAC-inhibitors butyrate, panobinostat and selisistat enhanced promoter I.3/II-mediated gene expression dependent on PARP-1-activity. Forskolin stimulation of BAFs increased promoter I.3/II-occupancy by PARP-1, whereas SIRT-1 competed with PARP-1 for DNA binding but independently activated the promoter I.3/II. Consistently, the inhibition of both PARP-1 and SIRT-1 increased the NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH-ratio in BAFs. This suggests that cellular NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratios control the complex interactions of PARP-1, H1 and SIRT-1 and regulate the interplay of parylation and acetylation/de-acetylation events with low NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratios (reverse Warburg effect), promoting PARP-1 activation and estrogen synthesis in BAFs. Therefore, PARP-1 inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:46:03Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a9d65e1320d5460e8952e3c083c19aec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:46:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a9d65e1320d5460e8952e3c083c19aec2023-09-02T20:57:50ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-02-019242710.3390/cells9020427cells9020427Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/IIAlexander Kaiser0Thomas Krüger1Gabriele Eiselt2Joachim Bechler3Olaf Kniemeyer4Otmar Huber5Martin Schmidt6Institute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, GermanyInstitute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, GermanyDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Robert-Koch-Hospital, 99510 Apolda, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, GermanyInstitute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, GermanyParacrine interactions between malignant estrogen receptor positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer cells and breast adipose fibroblasts (BAFs) stimulate estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase in BAFs. In breast cancer, mainly the cAMP-responsive promoter I.3/II-region mediates excessive aromatase expression. A rare single nucleotide variant (SNV) in this promoter region, which caused 70% reduction in promoter activity, was utilized for the identification of novel regulators of aromatase expression. To this end, normal and mutant promoter activities were measured in luciferase reporter gene assays. DNA-binding proteins were captured by DNA-affinity and identified by mass spectrometry. The DNA binding of proteins was analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, immunoprecipitation-based in vitro binding assays and by chromatin immunoprecipitation in BAFs in vivo. Protein expression and parylation were analyzed by western blotting. Aromatase activities and RNA-expression were measured in BAFs. Functional consequences of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) knock-out, rescue or overexpression, respectively, were analyzed in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and the 3T3-L1 cell model. In summary, PARP-1 and histone H1 (H1) were identified as critical regulators of aromatase expression. PARP-1-binding to the SNV-region was crucial for aromatase promoter activation. PARP-1 parylated H1 and competed with H1 for DNA-binding, thereby inhibiting its gene silencing action. In MEFs (PARP-1 knock-out and wild-type) and BAFs, PARP-1-mediated induction of the aromatase promoter showed bi-phasic dose responses in overexpression and inhibitor experiments, respectively. The HDAC-inhibitors butyrate, panobinostat and selisistat enhanced promoter I.3/II-mediated gene expression dependent on PARP-1-activity. Forskolin stimulation of BAFs increased promoter I.3/II-occupancy by PARP-1, whereas SIRT-1 competed with PARP-1 for DNA binding but independently activated the promoter I.3/II. Consistently, the inhibition of both PARP-1 and SIRT-1 increased the NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH-ratio in BAFs. This suggests that cellular NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratios control the complex interactions of PARP-1, H1 and SIRT-1 and regulate the interplay of parylation and acetylation/de-acetylation events with low NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratios (reverse Warburg effect), promoting PARP-1 activation and estrogen synthesis in BAFs. Therefore, PARP-1 inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancers.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/427breast cancerestrogen synthesisbreast adipose fibroblastsadipose stromal cellsepigeneticssirt-1parp-1 |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Kaiser Thomas Krüger Gabriele Eiselt Joachim Bechler Olaf Kniemeyer Otmar Huber Martin Schmidt Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II Cells breast cancer estrogen synthesis breast adipose fibroblasts adipose stromal cells epigenetics sirt-1 parp-1 |
| title | Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II |
| title_full | Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II |
| title_fullStr | Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II |
| title_short | Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II |
| title_sort | identification of parp 1 histone h1 and sirt 1 as new regulators of breast cancer related aromatase promoter i 3 ii |
| topic | breast cancer estrogen synthesis breast adipose fibroblasts adipose stromal cells epigenetics sirt-1 parp-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/427 |
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