Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015)
Abstract Background Most of the studies conducted in Brazil assessing the relationship between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, have focused on cases, reflecting the reality of small areas and not of a countrywide situation. In order to fill this g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Archives of Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00602-7 |
| _version_ | 1818597705697460224 |
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| author | Kasandra Isabella Helouise Mingoti Poague Sueli Aparecida Mingoti Léo Heller |
| author_facet | Kasandra Isabella Helouise Mingoti Poague Sueli Aparecida Mingoti Léo Heller |
| author_sort | Kasandra Isabella Helouise Mingoti Poague |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Most of the studies conducted in Brazil assessing the relationship between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, have focused on cases, reflecting the reality of small areas and not of a countrywide situation. In order to fill this gap, the current paper presents an epidemiological study exploring the association between water and sanitation and STHs prevalence in students from 7 to 17 years old, in all 27 Brazilian Federation Units. Methods Three ecological studies were carried out considering the prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm as outcome variables. The sample consisted of 197,567 students aged 7–17 years old living in 521 Brazilian municipalities. Data were retrieved from the National Survey on the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis mansoni and Soil-transmitted helminth infections (2011–2015). The Generalized Linear Model with the negative binomial distribution was used to evaluate the statistical association between outcomes and explanatory variables. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were conducted with 25 and 5 % significance levels, respectively. Data were aggregated considering municipalities as the geographical unit for analysis. Results Protective association was found between access to filtered water and adequate sanitation in schools with ascariasis (RR 0.989, CI 95 % 0.983–0.996; RR 0.988, CI 95 % 0.977–0.998), access to filtered water in schools with trichuriasis (RR 0.986, CI 95 % 0.979–0.993) and adequate sanitation at home with hookworm ((RR 0.989, CI 95 % 0.982–0.996). The percentage of population served with Bolsa Família Program, used as a proxy for poverty, was the only significant variable common to all models. Conclusions Our findings support that WASH, both in schools and homes, are essential to schoolchildren health with regard to STHs. However, sanitary interventions will not be fully effective in preventing STH infections without promoting access to quality public services, particularly for people living in poverty, the most vulnerable group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:52:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9df0306e59643368dd7f35d3f1d47ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2049-3258 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:52:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9df0306e59643368dd7f35d3f1d47ce2022-12-21T22:32:41ZengBMCArchives of Public Health2049-32582021-05-0179111010.1186/s13690-021-00602-7Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015)Kasandra Isabella Helouise Mingoti Poague0Sueli Aparecida Mingoti1Léo Heller2Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas GeraisDepartment of Statistics, Federal University of Minas GeraisRené Rachou Institute, The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in the State of Minas GeraisAbstract Background Most of the studies conducted in Brazil assessing the relationship between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, have focused on cases, reflecting the reality of small areas and not of a countrywide situation. In order to fill this gap, the current paper presents an epidemiological study exploring the association between water and sanitation and STHs prevalence in students from 7 to 17 years old, in all 27 Brazilian Federation Units. Methods Three ecological studies were carried out considering the prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm as outcome variables. The sample consisted of 197,567 students aged 7–17 years old living in 521 Brazilian municipalities. Data were retrieved from the National Survey on the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis mansoni and Soil-transmitted helminth infections (2011–2015). The Generalized Linear Model with the negative binomial distribution was used to evaluate the statistical association between outcomes and explanatory variables. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were conducted with 25 and 5 % significance levels, respectively. Data were aggregated considering municipalities as the geographical unit for analysis. Results Protective association was found between access to filtered water and adequate sanitation in schools with ascariasis (RR 0.989, CI 95 % 0.983–0.996; RR 0.988, CI 95 % 0.977–0.998), access to filtered water in schools with trichuriasis (RR 0.986, CI 95 % 0.979–0.993) and adequate sanitation at home with hookworm ((RR 0.989, CI 95 % 0.982–0.996). The percentage of population served with Bolsa Família Program, used as a proxy for poverty, was the only significant variable common to all models. Conclusions Our findings support that WASH, both in schools and homes, are essential to schoolchildren health with regard to STHs. However, sanitary interventions will not be fully effective in preventing STH infections without promoting access to quality public services, particularly for people living in poverty, the most vulnerable group.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00602-7Ascaris lumbricoidesTrichuris trichiuraHookwormWater, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)Risk factorsSchoolchildren |
| spellingShingle | Kasandra Isabella Helouise Mingoti Poague Sueli Aparecida Mingoti Léo Heller Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015) Archives of Public Health Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Hookworm Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) Risk factors Schoolchildren |
| title | Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015) |
| title_full | Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015) |
| title_fullStr | Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015) |
| title_short | Association between water and sanitation and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of Prevalence (2011–2015) |
| title_sort | association between water and sanitation and soil transmitted helminthiases analysis of the brazilian national survey of prevalence 2011 2015 |
| topic | Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Hookworm Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) Risk factors Schoolchildren |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00602-7 |
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