Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins
Abstract This study delves into the aroma characteristics and microbial composition of filler tobacco leaves (FTLs) sourced from six distinct cigar-growing regions within Yunnan, China, following standardized fermentation. An integrated approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), el...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Bioresources and Bioprocessing |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-024-00728-w |
| _version_ | 1797350149699141632 |
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| author | Mingzhu Zhang Dongfeng Guo Haiqing Wang Guanglong Wu Naihong Ding Yaqi Shi Jinlong Zhou Eryong Zhao Xingjiang Li |
| author_facet | Mingzhu Zhang Dongfeng Guo Haiqing Wang Guanglong Wu Naihong Ding Yaqi Shi Jinlong Zhou Eryong Zhao Xingjiang Li |
| author_sort | Mingzhu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study delves into the aroma characteristics and microbial composition of filler tobacco leaves (FTLs) sourced from six distinct cigar-growing regions within Yunnan, China, following standardized fermentation. An integrated approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), electronic nose (E-nose), and microbiome analysis was employed for comprehensive profiling. Results derived from Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) using E-nose data confirmed the presence of notable variability in flavor substance profiles among the FTLs from six regions. Additionally, GC–MS was used to discern disparities in volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution across FTLs from these regions, identifying 92, 81, 79, 58, 69, and 92 VOCs within each respective sample set. Significantly, 24 VOCs emerged as pivotal determinants contributing to the heterogeneity of flavor profiles among FTLs from diverse origins, as indicated by Variable Importance for the Projection (VIP) analysis. Furthermore, distinctions in free amino acid content and chemical constituents were observed across FTLs. Of noteworthy significance, solanone, isophorone, durene, (-)-alpha-terpineol, and 2,3'-bipyridine exhibited the strongest correlations with microbiome data, with fungal microorganisms exerting a more pronounced influence on metabolites, as elucidated through two-way orthogonal partial least-squares (O2PLS) modeling. These findings provide a theoretical and technical basis for accurately evaluating the synchronization of FTLs in aromas and fermentation processes, and they will enhance the quality of fermented FTLs and foster the growth of the domestic cigar tobacco industry ultimately. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:41:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9e41dfb102c4cf6a4ea9fb486777a37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2197-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:41:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioresources and Bioprocessing |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9e41dfb102c4cf6a4ea9fb486777a372024-01-21T12:08:25ZengSpringerOpenBioresources and Bioprocessing2197-43652024-01-0111111810.1186/s40643-024-00728-wIntegrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different originsMingzhu Zhang0Dongfeng Guo1Haiqing Wang2Guanglong Wu3Naihong Ding4Yaqi Shi5Jinlong Zhou6Eryong Zhao7Xingjiang Li8Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of TechnologyChina Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd.Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of TechnologyKey Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of TechnologyChina Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd.China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd.China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd.Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of TechnologyKey Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of TechnologyAbstract This study delves into the aroma characteristics and microbial composition of filler tobacco leaves (FTLs) sourced from six distinct cigar-growing regions within Yunnan, China, following standardized fermentation. An integrated approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), electronic nose (E-nose), and microbiome analysis was employed for comprehensive profiling. Results derived from Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) using E-nose data confirmed the presence of notable variability in flavor substance profiles among the FTLs from six regions. Additionally, GC–MS was used to discern disparities in volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution across FTLs from these regions, identifying 92, 81, 79, 58, 69, and 92 VOCs within each respective sample set. Significantly, 24 VOCs emerged as pivotal determinants contributing to the heterogeneity of flavor profiles among FTLs from diverse origins, as indicated by Variable Importance for the Projection (VIP) analysis. Furthermore, distinctions in free amino acid content and chemical constituents were observed across FTLs. Of noteworthy significance, solanone, isophorone, durene, (-)-alpha-terpineol, and 2,3'-bipyridine exhibited the strongest correlations with microbiome data, with fungal microorganisms exerting a more pronounced influence on metabolites, as elucidated through two-way orthogonal partial least-squares (O2PLS) modeling. These findings provide a theoretical and technical basis for accurately evaluating the synchronization of FTLs in aromas and fermentation processes, and they will enhance the quality of fermented FTLs and foster the growth of the domestic cigar tobacco industry ultimately. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-024-00728-wFiller tobacco leavesVolatile organic compoundsMicrobial communityChemical constituentsYunnan region |
| spellingShingle | Mingzhu Zhang Dongfeng Guo Haiqing Wang Guanglong Wu Naihong Ding Yaqi Shi Jinlong Zhou Eryong Zhao Xingjiang Li Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins Bioresources and Bioprocessing Filler tobacco leaves Volatile organic compounds Microbial community Chemical constituents Yunnan region |
| title | Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins |
| title_full | Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins |
| title_fullStr | Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins |
| title_short | Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins |
| title_sort | integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves hs spme gc ms e nose and microbiome analysis across different origins |
| topic | Filler tobacco leaves Volatile organic compounds Microbial community Chemical constituents Yunnan region |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-024-00728-w |
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