Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure
Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases whose central feature is dysfunction of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). Although the exact etiology of tauopathies is still unknown, it has been hypothesized that their onset may occur up to twenty years before the clear emergence...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/889 |
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| author | Eduardo Pena Rocio San Martin-Salamanca Samia El Alam Karen Flores Karem Arriaza |
| author_facet | Eduardo Pena Rocio San Martin-Salamanca Samia El Alam Karen Flores Karem Arriaza |
| author_sort | Eduardo Pena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases whose central feature is dysfunction of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). Although the exact etiology of tauopathies is still unknown, it has been hypothesized that their onset may occur up to twenty years before the clear emergence of symptoms, which has led to questions about whether the prognosis of these diseases can be improved by, for instance, targeting the factors that influence tauopathy development. One such factor is hypoxia, which is strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease because of its association with obstructive sleep apnea and has been reported to affect molecular pathways related to the dysfunction and aggregation of tau proteins and other biomarkers of neurological damage. In particular, hypobaric hypoxia exposure increases the activation of several kinases related to the hyperphosphorylation of tau in neuronal cells, such as ERK, GSK3β, and CDK5. In addition, hypoxia also increases the levels of inflammatory molecules (IL-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α), which are also associated with neurodegeneration. This review discusses the many remaining questions regarding the influence of hypoxia on tauopathies and the contribution of high-altitude exposure to the development of these diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:54:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9f26d4cccdd48b68b18260b8e1aca3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:54:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9f26d4cccdd48b68b18260b8e1aca3a2024-01-29T13:55:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-0125288910.3390/ijms25020889Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia ExposureEduardo Pena0Rocio San Martin-Salamanca1Samia El Alam2Karen Flores3Karem Arriaza4High Altitude Medicine Research Center (CEIMA), Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, ChileHigh Altitude Medicine Research Center (CEIMA), Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, ChileHigh Altitude Medicine Research Center (CEIMA), Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, ChileHigh Altitude Medicine Research Center (CEIMA), Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, ChileHigh Altitude Medicine Research Center (CEIMA), Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, ChileTauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases whose central feature is dysfunction of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). Although the exact etiology of tauopathies is still unknown, it has been hypothesized that their onset may occur up to twenty years before the clear emergence of symptoms, which has led to questions about whether the prognosis of these diseases can be improved by, for instance, targeting the factors that influence tauopathy development. One such factor is hypoxia, which is strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease because of its association with obstructive sleep apnea and has been reported to affect molecular pathways related to the dysfunction and aggregation of tau proteins and other biomarkers of neurological damage. In particular, hypobaric hypoxia exposure increases the activation of several kinases related to the hyperphosphorylation of tau in neuronal cells, such as ERK, GSK3β, and CDK5. In addition, hypoxia also increases the levels of inflammatory molecules (IL-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α), which are also associated with neurodegeneration. This review discusses the many remaining questions regarding the influence of hypoxia on tauopathies and the contribution of high-altitude exposure to the development of these diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/889tauopathieshypoxiahigh altitudeAlzheimer’s diseaseneurology |
| spellingShingle | Eduardo Pena Rocio San Martin-Salamanca Samia El Alam Karen Flores Karem Arriaza Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure International Journal of Molecular Sciences tauopathies hypoxia high altitude Alzheimer’s disease neurology |
| title | Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure |
| title_full | Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure |
| title_short | Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure |
| title_sort | tau protein alterations induced by hypobaric hypoxia exposure |
| topic | tauopathies hypoxia high altitude Alzheimer’s disease neurology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/889 |
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