Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period
The vaginal microbiota, the host endocrine system, the vaginal anatomy, and the local mucosal immunity comprise the vaginal microbiota, which interacts with each other to maintain the balance of the vaginal microbiota, which maintains female reproductive health. Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.959793/full |
| _version_ | 1811288999675822080 |
|---|---|
| author | Liping Shen Liping Shen Wei Zhang Wei Zhang Yi Yuan Weipei Zhu Anquan Shang |
| author_facet | Liping Shen Liping Shen Wei Zhang Wei Zhang Yi Yuan Weipei Zhu Anquan Shang |
| author_sort | Liping Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The vaginal microbiota, the host endocrine system, the vaginal anatomy, and the local mucosal immunity comprise the vaginal microbiota, which interacts with each other to maintain the balance of the vaginal microbiota, which maintains female reproductive health. Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause are four phases women go through during their reproductive and post-reproductive years. Vaginal microbiota composition and abundance are heavily influenced by estrogen and progesterone, which start at puberty and continue during the reproductive years in a dynamic balance with some fluctuations. Estrogen promotes proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and increases glycogen storage, while progesterone lyses vaginal epithelial cells, facilitating the release of glycogen to maintain normal pH. This review summarizes the latest national and international evidence on the composition and distribution of vaginal microecology in women during different physiological and pathological periods and proposes a hormone-driven microbial diversity hypothesis to explain the temporal patterns of vaginal microbial diversity during the female reproductive cycle and menopause. A relatively balanced vaginal microecological system has a positive effect on the maintenance of female health. An imbalance in the ratio of flora can lead to susceptibility to infections or reproductive complications. The study of human microecology and its role in the development and progression of human disease is essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related obstetric and gynecologic conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:47:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a9f6bcf8cceb4a2d8fa41b841cef2d11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:47:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a9f6bcf8cceb4a2d8fa41b841cef2d112022-12-22T03:03:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882022-07-011210.3389/fcimb.2022.959793959793Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological periodLiping Shen0Liping Shen1Wei Zhang2Wei Zhang3Yi Yuan4Weipei Zhu5Anquan Shang6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changning Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Jiaozuo Fifth People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaThe vaginal microbiota, the host endocrine system, the vaginal anatomy, and the local mucosal immunity comprise the vaginal microbiota, which interacts with each other to maintain the balance of the vaginal microbiota, which maintains female reproductive health. Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause are four phases women go through during their reproductive and post-reproductive years. Vaginal microbiota composition and abundance are heavily influenced by estrogen and progesterone, which start at puberty and continue during the reproductive years in a dynamic balance with some fluctuations. Estrogen promotes proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and increases glycogen storage, while progesterone lyses vaginal epithelial cells, facilitating the release of glycogen to maintain normal pH. This review summarizes the latest national and international evidence on the composition and distribution of vaginal microecology in women during different physiological and pathological periods and proposes a hormone-driven microbial diversity hypothesis to explain the temporal patterns of vaginal microbial diversity during the female reproductive cycle and menopause. A relatively balanced vaginal microecological system has a positive effect on the maintenance of female health. An imbalance in the ratio of flora can lead to susceptibility to infections or reproductive complications. The study of human microecology and its role in the development and progression of human disease is essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related obstetric and gynecologic conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.959793/fullvaginal microecologicalvaginal microbiotareproductive healthinflammationcancer |
| spellingShingle | Liping Shen Liping Shen Wei Zhang Wei Zhang Yi Yuan Weipei Zhu Anquan Shang Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology vaginal microecological vaginal microbiota reproductive health inflammation cancer |
| title | Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period |
| title_full | Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period |
| title_fullStr | Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period |
| title_short | Vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period |
| title_sort | vaginal microecological characteristics of women in different physiological and pathological period |
| topic | vaginal microecological vaginal microbiota reproductive health inflammation cancer |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.959793/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lipingshen vaginalmicroecologicalcharacteristicsofwomenindifferentphysiologicalandpathologicalperiod AT lipingshen vaginalmicroecologicalcharacteristicsofwomenindifferentphysiologicalandpathologicalperiod AT weizhang vaginalmicroecologicalcharacteristicsofwomenindifferentphysiologicalandpathologicalperiod AT weizhang vaginalmicroecologicalcharacteristicsofwomenindifferentphysiologicalandpathologicalperiod AT yiyuan vaginalmicroecologicalcharacteristicsofwomenindifferentphysiologicalandpathologicalperiod AT weipeizhu vaginalmicroecologicalcharacteristicsofwomenindifferentphysiologicalandpathologicalperiod AT anquanshang vaginalmicroecologicalcharacteristicsofwomenindifferentphysiologicalandpathologicalperiod |