Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip Irrigation
Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) has emerged as a pivotal global food crop. Consequently, it is imperative to explore sustainable and eco-friendly strategies to achieve sustainable sorghum production with a high yield. This study aimed to reveal the effects of irrigation management an...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/215 |
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| author | Zelin Wang Tangzhe Nie Dehao Lu Peng Zhang Jianfeng Li Fanghao Li Zhongxue Zhang Peng Chen Lili Jiang Changlei Dai Peter M. Waller |
| author_facet | Zelin Wang Tangzhe Nie Dehao Lu Peng Zhang Jianfeng Li Fanghao Li Zhongxue Zhang Peng Chen Lili Jiang Changlei Dai Peter M. Waller |
| author_sort | Zelin Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) has emerged as a pivotal global food crop. Consequently, it is imperative to explore sustainable and eco-friendly strategies to achieve sustainable sorghum production with a high yield. This study aimed to reveal the effects of irrigation management and nitrogen rates and their interactions on sorghum growth traits, yield and soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N accumulation to improve irrigation and nitrogen practices under drip irrigation. A 2-year (2021 and 2022) field experiment was conducted on drip-irrigated fertilized sorghum in Heilongjiang Province to investigate the effects of three lower levels of soil moisture (80% (HI), 70% (NI), and 60% (LI) of field capacity) with four nitrogen rates at 225, 150, 75 and 0 kg/ha (designated as HN, NN, LN and WN, respectively) on sorghum growth, yield and soil nitrogen accumulation. The results indicated that irrigation management and nitrogen rate interaction had a significant effect on sorghum growth (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), and SPAD value), yield, aboveground biomass and 0~60 cm soil nitrogen accumulation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The NNHI treatment demonstrated the highest plant height (120.9 and 121.8 cm) and LAI (2.738 and 2.645) in 2021 and 2022, and there was a significant positive correlation between plant height, LAI, and yield (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, the NNNI treatment exhibited the highest yield (7477.41 and 7362.27 kg/ha) in 2021 and 2022, sorghum yield increased and then decreased with an increase in irrigation management and nitrogen rate. In addition, soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N accumulation were significantly affected by the interaction of irrigation management and nitrogen rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) while irrigation management had no significant effect on the accumulation of nitrate-N and ammonium-N. Soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N accumulation increased with the increasing nitrogen rate. Although yield differences between the NNNI and HNNI treatments were not significant, the NNNI treatment with a lower soil moisture limit of 70% field capacity and a nitrogen rate of 150 kg/ha accumulated 10.4% less nitrate-N in soil than the HNNI treatment, reduced risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching. The regression analysis indicated that the optimal irrigation management and nitrogen rate management practices of 71.93% of the soil moisture lower limit and 144.58 kg/ha of nitrogen rate was an optimal strategy for favorable sorghum growth, high-yielding and low soil nitrate-N accumulation of sorghum. This study provides a scientific reference for precise water and fertilizer management in sorghum. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a9f833634cc943aa86aa12f8cfd2cacc2024-01-26T14:27:58ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-01-0114121510.3390/agronomy14010215Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip IrrigationZelin Wang0Tangzhe Nie1Dehao Lu2Peng Zhang3Jianfeng Li4Fanghao Li5Zhongxue Zhang6Peng Chen7Lili Jiang8Changlei Dai9Peter M. Waller10School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USASorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) has emerged as a pivotal global food crop. Consequently, it is imperative to explore sustainable and eco-friendly strategies to achieve sustainable sorghum production with a high yield. This study aimed to reveal the effects of irrigation management and nitrogen rates and their interactions on sorghum growth traits, yield and soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N accumulation to improve irrigation and nitrogen practices under drip irrigation. A 2-year (2021 and 2022) field experiment was conducted on drip-irrigated fertilized sorghum in Heilongjiang Province to investigate the effects of three lower levels of soil moisture (80% (HI), 70% (NI), and 60% (LI) of field capacity) with four nitrogen rates at 225, 150, 75 and 0 kg/ha (designated as HN, NN, LN and WN, respectively) on sorghum growth, yield and soil nitrogen accumulation. The results indicated that irrigation management and nitrogen rate interaction had a significant effect on sorghum growth (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), and SPAD value), yield, aboveground biomass and 0~60 cm soil nitrogen accumulation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The NNHI treatment demonstrated the highest plant height (120.9 and 121.8 cm) and LAI (2.738 and 2.645) in 2021 and 2022, and there was a significant positive correlation between plant height, LAI, and yield (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, the NNNI treatment exhibited the highest yield (7477.41 and 7362.27 kg/ha) in 2021 and 2022, sorghum yield increased and then decreased with an increase in irrigation management and nitrogen rate. In addition, soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N accumulation were significantly affected by the interaction of irrigation management and nitrogen rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) while irrigation management had no significant effect on the accumulation of nitrate-N and ammonium-N. Soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N accumulation increased with the increasing nitrogen rate. Although yield differences between the NNNI and HNNI treatments were not significant, the NNNI treatment with a lower soil moisture limit of 70% field capacity and a nitrogen rate of 150 kg/ha accumulated 10.4% less nitrate-N in soil than the HNNI treatment, reduced risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching. The regression analysis indicated that the optimal irrigation management and nitrogen rate management practices of 71.93% of the soil moisture lower limit and 144.58 kg/ha of nitrogen rate was an optimal strategy for favorable sorghum growth, high-yielding and low soil nitrate-N accumulation of sorghum. This study provides a scientific reference for precise water and fertilizer management in sorghum.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/215sorghumyieldsoil moisturenitrogen ratesoil nitrate-N and ammonium-N |
| spellingShingle | Zelin Wang Tangzhe Nie Dehao Lu Peng Zhang Jianfeng Li Fanghao Li Zhongxue Zhang Peng Chen Lili Jiang Changlei Dai Peter M. Waller Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip Irrigation Agronomy sorghum yield soil moisture nitrogen rate soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N |
| title | Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip Irrigation |
| title_full | Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip Irrigation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip Irrigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip Irrigation |
| title_short | Effects of Different Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Rate on Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) Growth, Yield and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation with Drip Irrigation |
| title_sort | effects of different irrigation management and nitrogen rate on sorghum i sorghum bicolor i l growth yield and soil nitrogen accumulation with drip irrigation |
| topic | sorghum yield soil moisture nitrogen rate soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/215 |
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