Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history
Abstract Background The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with immune escape properties, such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), questions the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against the virus. Here we investigated the long-term antibody persistence i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Genome Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01066-2 |
| _version_ | 1811251492393320448 |
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| author | Enrico Lavezzo Monia Pacenti Laura Manuto Caterina Boldrin Margherita Cattai Marco Grazioli Federico Bianca Margherita Sartori Federico Caldart Gioele Castelli Michele Nicoletti Eleonora Nieddu Elisa Salvadoretti Beatrice Labella Ludovico Fava Maria Cristina Vanuzzo Vittoria Lisi Maria Antonello Carmela Ileana Grimaldi Chiara Zulian Claudia Del Vecchio Mario Plebani Andrea Padoan Daniela Maria Cirillo Alessandra R. Brazzale Giovanni Tonon Stefano Toppo Ilaria Dorigatti Andrea Crisanti |
| author_facet | Enrico Lavezzo Monia Pacenti Laura Manuto Caterina Boldrin Margherita Cattai Marco Grazioli Federico Bianca Margherita Sartori Federico Caldart Gioele Castelli Michele Nicoletti Eleonora Nieddu Elisa Salvadoretti Beatrice Labella Ludovico Fava Maria Cristina Vanuzzo Vittoria Lisi Maria Antonello Carmela Ileana Grimaldi Chiara Zulian Claudia Del Vecchio Mario Plebani Andrea Padoan Daniela Maria Cirillo Alessandra R. Brazzale Giovanni Tonon Stefano Toppo Ilaria Dorigatti Andrea Crisanti |
| author_sort | Enrico Lavezzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with immune escape properties, such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), questions the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against the virus. Here we investigated the long-term antibody persistence in previously infected subjects and the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against B.1, B.1.617.2 and BA.1 variants in unvaccinated subjects previously infected, vaccinated naïve and vaccinated previously infected subjects. Methods Blood samples collected 15 months post-infection from unvaccinated (n=35) and vaccinated (n=41) previously infected subjects (Vo’ cohort) were tested for the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens using the Abbott, DiaSorin, and Roche immunoassays. The serum neutralising reactivity was assessed against B.1, B.1.617.2 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron) SARS-CoV-2 strains through micro-neutralisation. The antibody titres were compared to those from previous timepoints, performed at 2- and 9-months post-infection on the same individuals. Two groups of naïve subjects were used as controls, one from the same cohort (unvaccinated n=29 and vaccinated n=20) and a group of vaccinated naïve healthcare workers (n=61). Results We report on the results of the third serosurvey run in the Vo’ cohort. With respect to the 9-month time point, antibodies against the S antigen significantly decreased (P=0.0063) among unvaccinated subjects and increased (P<0.0001) in vaccinated individuals, whereas those against the N antigen decreased in the whole cohort. When compared with control groups (naïve Vo’ inhabitants and naïve healthcare workers), vaccinated subjects that were previously infected had higher antibody levels (P<0.0001) than vaccinated naïve subjects. Two doses of vaccine elicited stronger anti-S antibody response than natural infection (P<0.0001). Finally, the neutralising reactivity of sera against B.1.617.2 and BA.1 was 4-fold and 16-fold lower than the reactivity observed against the original B.1 strain. Conclusions These results confirm that vaccination induces strong antibody response in most individuals, and even stronger in previously infected subjects. Neutralising reactivity elicited by natural infection followed by vaccination is increasingly weakened by the recent emergence of VOCs. While immunity is not completely compromised, a change in vaccine development may be required going forward, to generate cross-protective pan-coronavirus immunity in the global population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:21:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa024ed0ba2b40198fd34c511bfa76de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-994X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:21:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genome Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa024ed0ba2b40198fd34c511bfa76de2022-12-22T03:25:34ZengBMCGenome Medicine1756-994X2022-06-0114111610.1186/s13073-022-01066-2Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection historyEnrico Lavezzo0Monia Pacenti1Laura Manuto2Caterina Boldrin3Margherita Cattai4Marco Grazioli5Federico Bianca6Margherita Sartori7Federico Caldart8Gioele Castelli9Michele Nicoletti10Eleonora Nieddu11Elisa Salvadoretti12Beatrice Labella13Ludovico Fava14Maria Cristina Vanuzzo15Vittoria Lisi16Maria Antonello17Carmela Ileana Grimaldi18Chiara Zulian19Claudia Del Vecchio20Mario Plebani21Andrea Padoan22Daniela Maria Cirillo23Alessandra R. Brazzale24Giovanni Tonon25Stefano Toppo26Ilaria Dorigatti27Andrea Crisanti28Department of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaAzienda Ospedale PadovaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaAzienda Ospedale PadovaAzienda Ospedale PadovaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaGastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona B. Roma University HospitalDepartment of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of PadovaDepartment of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of PadovaDepartment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of PadovaPaediatrics Unit, Mother and Child Hospital, Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant Department, Verona University HospitalNeurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of BresciaDepartment of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of PadovaAzienda Ospedale PadovaAzienda Ospedale PadovaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaAzienda Ospedale PadovaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaDepartment of Medicine, University of PadovaDepartment of Medicine, University of PadovaEmerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteDepartment of Statistical Sciences, University of PadovaCenter for Omics Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaMRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of PadovaAbstract Background The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with immune escape properties, such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), questions the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against the virus. Here we investigated the long-term antibody persistence in previously infected subjects and the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against B.1, B.1.617.2 and BA.1 variants in unvaccinated subjects previously infected, vaccinated naïve and vaccinated previously infected subjects. Methods Blood samples collected 15 months post-infection from unvaccinated (n=35) and vaccinated (n=41) previously infected subjects (Vo’ cohort) were tested for the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens using the Abbott, DiaSorin, and Roche immunoassays. The serum neutralising reactivity was assessed against B.1, B.1.617.2 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron) SARS-CoV-2 strains through micro-neutralisation. The antibody titres were compared to those from previous timepoints, performed at 2- and 9-months post-infection on the same individuals. Two groups of naïve subjects were used as controls, one from the same cohort (unvaccinated n=29 and vaccinated n=20) and a group of vaccinated naïve healthcare workers (n=61). Results We report on the results of the third serosurvey run in the Vo’ cohort. With respect to the 9-month time point, antibodies against the S antigen significantly decreased (P=0.0063) among unvaccinated subjects and increased (P<0.0001) in vaccinated individuals, whereas those against the N antigen decreased in the whole cohort. When compared with control groups (naïve Vo’ inhabitants and naïve healthcare workers), vaccinated subjects that were previously infected had higher antibody levels (P<0.0001) than vaccinated naïve subjects. Two doses of vaccine elicited stronger anti-S antibody response than natural infection (P<0.0001). Finally, the neutralising reactivity of sera against B.1.617.2 and BA.1 was 4-fold and 16-fold lower than the reactivity observed against the original B.1 strain. Conclusions These results confirm that vaccination induces strong antibody response in most individuals, and even stronger in previously infected subjects. Neutralising reactivity elicited by natural infection followed by vaccination is increasingly weakened by the recent emergence of VOCs. While immunity is not completely compromised, a change in vaccine development may be required going forward, to generate cross-protective pan-coronavirus immunity in the global population.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01066-2SARS-CoV-2COVID-19Antibody persistenceNeutralising antibodiesDelta variantOmicron variant |
| spellingShingle | Enrico Lavezzo Monia Pacenti Laura Manuto Caterina Boldrin Margherita Cattai Marco Grazioli Federico Bianca Margherita Sartori Federico Caldart Gioele Castelli Michele Nicoletti Eleonora Nieddu Elisa Salvadoretti Beatrice Labella Ludovico Fava Maria Cristina Vanuzzo Vittoria Lisi Maria Antonello Carmela Ileana Grimaldi Chiara Zulian Claudia Del Vecchio Mario Plebani Andrea Padoan Daniela Maria Cirillo Alessandra R. Brazzale Giovanni Tonon Stefano Toppo Ilaria Dorigatti Andrea Crisanti Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history Genome Medicine SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Antibody persistence Neutralising antibodies Delta variant Omicron variant |
| title | Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history |
| title_full | Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history |
| title_fullStr | Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history |
| title_short | Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history |
| title_sort | neutralising reactivity against sars cov 2 delta and omicron variants by vaccination and infection history |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Antibody persistence Neutralising antibodies Delta variant Omicron variant |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01066-2 |
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