Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a significant burden of disease, including medical and non-medical costs. Therefore, it is considered to be a priority for all health authorities. The aim of this study is to determine healthcare and treatment costs of caring for PLHIV at one...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/1/118 |
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| author | Mazin Barry Leen Ghonem Nourah Albeeshi Maha Alrabiah Aynaa Alsharidi Hussain Abdulrahman Al-Omar |
| author_facet | Mazin Barry Leen Ghonem Nourah Albeeshi Maha Alrabiah Aynaa Alsharidi Hussain Abdulrahman Al-Omar |
| author_sort | Mazin Barry |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a significant burden of disease, including medical and non-medical costs. Therefore, it is considered to be a priority for all health authorities. The aim of this study is to determine healthcare and treatment costs of caring for PLHIV at one of the tertiary care university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This was a micro-costing, retrospective, observational study from a tertiary care university hospital and included all confirmed HIV-infected patients who visited infectious disease clinics in the period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018. A total of 42 PLHIV were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 38.76 ± 11.47 years with a mean disease duration of 5.27 ± 4.81 years. The majority of patients were male (85.7%) and Saudi (88.1%). More than half of included patients (59.5%) had a CD4 count of more than 500. During the study period, 26 patients (61.9%) were initiated on a single-tablet regimen. Overall, the main cost-driver was antiretroviral medications, which cumulatively represented more than 64% of the total cost. Patients who developed opportunistic infections had a statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.033) higher financial impact, both as a total and on a patient level, than those presented without opportunistic infections. On a patient level, the mean and median costs were higher and statistically significant for those with co-morbidities than those without co-morbidities (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The majority of the economic burden of PLHIV is attributable to antiretroviral therapy use. The healthcare costs of PLHIV can vary greatly, depending on the presenting illness, clinical stage, developed opportunistic infection, co-morbidity, and pharmacological therapy. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:23:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa07756eb5884cd9a20aced45326f3bf2023-11-23T13:56:01ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-01-0110111810.3390/healthcare10010118Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital ExperienceMazin Barry0Leen Ghonem1Nourah Albeeshi2Maha Alrabiah3Aynaa Alsharidi4Hussain Abdulrahman Al-Omar5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a significant burden of disease, including medical and non-medical costs. Therefore, it is considered to be a priority for all health authorities. The aim of this study is to determine healthcare and treatment costs of caring for PLHIV at one of the tertiary care university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This was a micro-costing, retrospective, observational study from a tertiary care university hospital and included all confirmed HIV-infected patients who visited infectious disease clinics in the period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018. A total of 42 PLHIV were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 38.76 ± 11.47 years with a mean disease duration of 5.27 ± 4.81 years. The majority of patients were male (85.7%) and Saudi (88.1%). More than half of included patients (59.5%) had a CD4 count of more than 500. During the study period, 26 patients (61.9%) were initiated on a single-tablet regimen. Overall, the main cost-driver was antiretroviral medications, which cumulatively represented more than 64% of the total cost. Patients who developed opportunistic infections had a statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.033) higher financial impact, both as a total and on a patient level, than those presented without opportunistic infections. On a patient level, the mean and median costs were higher and statistically significant for those with co-morbidities than those without co-morbidities (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The majority of the economic burden of PLHIV is attributable to antiretroviral therapy use. The healthcare costs of PLHIV can vary greatly, depending on the presenting illness, clinical stage, developed opportunistic infection, co-morbidity, and pharmacological therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/1/118HIVmedical careantiretroviral therapyresource utilizationtertiary care hospitalSaudi Arabia |
| spellingShingle | Mazin Barry Leen Ghonem Nourah Albeeshi Maha Alrabiah Aynaa Alsharidi Hussain Abdulrahman Al-Omar Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience Healthcare HIV medical care antiretroviral therapy resource utilization tertiary care hospital Saudi Arabia |
| title | Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience |
| title_full | Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience |
| title_fullStr | Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience |
| title_short | Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience |
| title_sort | resource utilization and caring cost of people living with human immunodeficiency virus plhiv in saudi arabia a tertiary care university hospital experience |
| topic | HIV medical care antiretroviral therapy resource utilization tertiary care hospital Saudi Arabia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/1/118 |
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