Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i>
<b><i> </i></b><i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> is a widely known medicinal entomogenous fungus, which parasitizes the soil-borne larva of Thitarodes (Hepialidae, Lepidoptera) distributed in the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas. Previous rese...
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/11/517 |
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| author | Yi Liang Yuehui Hong Zhanhua Mai Qijiong Zhu Lianxian Guo |
| author_facet | Yi Liang Yuehui Hong Zhanhua Mai Qijiong Zhu Lianxian Guo |
| author_sort | Yi Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b><i> </i></b><i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> is a widely known medicinal entomogenous fungus, which parasitizes the soil-borne larva of Thitarodes (Hepialidae, Lepidoptera) distributed in the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas. Previous research has involved artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps (the fungus-caterpillar complex), but it is difficult to achieve large-scale cultivation because the coupling relation between the crucial microbes and their hosts is not quite clear. To clarify the influence of the internal microbial community on the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps, in this study, the unfertilized eggs of Thitarodes of different sampling sites were chosen to analyze the bacterial and fungal communities via 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing for the first time. The results showed that for bacteria, 348 genera (dominant genera include Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, Carnobacterium, Sphingobium, and Acinetobacter) belonging to 26 phyla (dominant phyla include Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes), 58 classes, 84 orders, and 120 families were identified from 1294 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The dominant bacterial genus (Spiroplasma) may be an important bacterial factor promoting the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps. For fungi, 289 genera, mainly including <i>Aureobasidium</i>, <i>Candida</i>, and<i> Cryptococcus</i>, were identified, and they belonged to 5 phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Zygomycota), 26 classes, 82 orders, and 165 families. Eight bacterial OTUs and 12 fungal OTUs were shared among all of the detected samples and were considered as core species. Among them, Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, <i>Carnobacterium</i>, <i>Aureobasidium</i>, and <i>Phoma</i> may play important roles in helping the host larva to digest foods, adapt to extreme environments, or resist pathogens. On the other hand, the external (soil) microbial community was synchronously and comparatively analyzed. Comparative analysis revealed that external microbial factors might play a more significant role in the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps, owing to the significant differences revealed by α-diversity and β-diversity analyses among different groups. In summary, the results of this study may contribute to the large-scale cultivation of Chinese cordyceps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:29:33Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:29:33Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-aa10b6f8dbee4f2b8b07e365c4dd24ac2022-12-22T00:33:03ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072019-10-0171151710.3390/microorganisms7110517microorganisms7110517Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i>Yi Liang0Yuehui Hong1Zhanhua Mai2Qijiong Zhu3Lianxian Guo4Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, ChinaDepartment of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medical College, Jiangmen 529000, ChinaDongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, ChinaDongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, ChinaDongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China<b><i> </i></b><i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> is a widely known medicinal entomogenous fungus, which parasitizes the soil-borne larva of Thitarodes (Hepialidae, Lepidoptera) distributed in the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas. Previous research has involved artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps (the fungus-caterpillar complex), but it is difficult to achieve large-scale cultivation because the coupling relation between the crucial microbes and their hosts is not quite clear. To clarify the influence of the internal microbial community on the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps, in this study, the unfertilized eggs of Thitarodes of different sampling sites were chosen to analyze the bacterial and fungal communities via 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing for the first time. The results showed that for bacteria, 348 genera (dominant genera include Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, Carnobacterium, Sphingobium, and Acinetobacter) belonging to 26 phyla (dominant phyla include Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes), 58 classes, 84 orders, and 120 families were identified from 1294 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The dominant bacterial genus (Spiroplasma) may be an important bacterial factor promoting the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps. For fungi, 289 genera, mainly including <i>Aureobasidium</i>, <i>Candida</i>, and<i> Cryptococcus</i>, were identified, and they belonged to 5 phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Zygomycota), 26 classes, 82 orders, and 165 families. Eight bacterial OTUs and 12 fungal OTUs were shared among all of the detected samples and were considered as core species. Among them, Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, <i>Carnobacterium</i>, <i>Aureobasidium</i>, and <i>Phoma</i> may play important roles in helping the host larva to digest foods, adapt to extreme environments, or resist pathogens. On the other hand, the external (soil) microbial community was synchronously and comparatively analyzed. Comparative analysis revealed that external microbial factors might play a more significant role in the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps, owing to the significant differences revealed by α-diversity and β-diversity analyses among different groups. In summary, the results of this study may contribute to the large-scale cultivation of Chinese cordyceps.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/11/517chinese cordyceps<i>ophiocordyceps sinensis</i><i>thitarodes</i>eggsbacterial communityfungal community |
| spellingShingle | Yi Liang Yuehui Hong Zhanhua Mai Qijiong Zhu Lianxian Guo Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> Microorganisms chinese cordyceps <i>ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> <i>thitarodes</i> eggs bacterial community fungal community |
| title | Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> |
| title_full | Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> |
| title_short | Internal and External Microbial Community of the <i>Thitarodes</i> Moth, the Host of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> |
| title_sort | internal and external microbial community of the i thitarodes i moth the host of i ophiocordyceps sinensis i |
| topic | chinese cordyceps <i>ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> <i>thitarodes</i> eggs bacterial community fungal community |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/11/517 |
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