Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far East
Boreal forest areas in the Russian Far East contained very large intact forests. This particular area is considered one of the most productive and diverse forests in the boreal biome of the world, and it is also home to many endangered species. Zeya State Nature Reserve is located at the southern ma...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1285 |
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| author | Chulabush Khatancharoen Satoshi Tsuyuki Semyon V. Bryanin Konosuke Sugiura Tatsuyuki Seino Viktor V. Lisovsky Irina G. Borisova Naoya Wada |
| author_facet | Chulabush Khatancharoen Satoshi Tsuyuki Semyon V. Bryanin Konosuke Sugiura Tatsuyuki Seino Viktor V. Lisovsky Irina G. Borisova Naoya Wada |
| author_sort | Chulabush Khatancharoen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Boreal forest areas in the Russian Far East contained very large intact forests. This particular area is considered one of the most productive and diverse forests in the boreal biome of the world, and it is also home to many endangered species. Zeya State Nature Reserve is located at the southern margin of the boreal forest area in the Russian Far East and has rich fauna and flora. However, the forest in the region faced large-scale forest fires and clearcutting for timber recently. The information of disturbances is rarely understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of disturbance and forest dynamics around the reserve. Our study used two-year overlaid Landsat images from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), to generate forest-cover-change maps of 1988–1999, 1999–2010, and 2010–2016. In this paper, we analyze the direction of forest successional stages, to demonstrate the effectiveness of this protected area in terms of preventing human-based deforestation on the vegetation indices. The vegetation indices included the normalized burn ratio (NBR), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI). The study provided information on the pattern of forest-cover change and disturbance area around the reserve. The NDWI was used to differentiate between water and non-water areas. The mean values of NBR and NDVI were calculated and determine the forest successional stages between burn, vegetation recovery, grass, mixed forest, oak forest, and birch and larch forest. The accuracy was assessed by using field measurements, field photos, and high-resolution images as references. Overall, our classification results have high accuracy for all three periods. The most disturbed area occurred during 2010–2016. The reserve was highly protected, with no human-disturbance activity. However, large areas from fire disturbance were found (137 km<sup>2</sup>) during 1999–2010. The findings also show a large area of disturbance, mostly located outside of the reserve. Mixed disturbance increased to almost 50 km<sup>2</sup> during 2010–2016, in the buffer zone and outside of the reserve. We recommend future works to apply our methods to other ecosystems, to compare the forest dynamics and disturbance inside and outside the protected area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:50:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa1dadd7585b4910b655ebd91f6f61ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:50:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa1dadd7585b4910b655ebd91f6f61ee2023-11-21T13:06:39ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-03-01137128510.3390/rs13071285Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far EastChulabush Khatancharoen0Satoshi Tsuyuki1Semyon V. Bryanin2Konosuke Sugiura3Tatsuyuki Seino4Viktor V. Lisovsky5Irina G. Borisova6Naoya Wada7Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-8654, JapanDepartment of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-8654, JapanInstitute of Geology and Nature Management, Far Eastern, Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Relochny Lane, 675000 Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, RussiaCenter for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba 305-8572, JapanZeya State Nature Reserve, Stroiteley St. 71, 676246 Zeya, Amur Region, RussiaAmur Branch of Botanical Garden-Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ignat’ evskoe shosse str., 2nd kilometer, 675000 Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, RussiaCenter for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, JapanBoreal forest areas in the Russian Far East contained very large intact forests. This particular area is considered one of the most productive and diverse forests in the boreal biome of the world, and it is also home to many endangered species. Zeya State Nature Reserve is located at the southern margin of the boreal forest area in the Russian Far East and has rich fauna and flora. However, the forest in the region faced large-scale forest fires and clearcutting for timber recently. The information of disturbances is rarely understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of disturbance and forest dynamics around the reserve. Our study used two-year overlaid Landsat images from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), to generate forest-cover-change maps of 1988–1999, 1999–2010, and 2010–2016. In this paper, we analyze the direction of forest successional stages, to demonstrate the effectiveness of this protected area in terms of preventing human-based deforestation on the vegetation indices. The vegetation indices included the normalized burn ratio (NBR), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI). The study provided information on the pattern of forest-cover change and disturbance area around the reserve. The NDWI was used to differentiate between water and non-water areas. The mean values of NBR and NDVI were calculated and determine the forest successional stages between burn, vegetation recovery, grass, mixed forest, oak forest, and birch and larch forest. The accuracy was assessed by using field measurements, field photos, and high-resolution images as references. Overall, our classification results have high accuracy for all three periods. The most disturbed area occurred during 2010–2016. The reserve was highly protected, with no human-disturbance activity. However, large areas from fire disturbance were found (137 km<sup>2</sup>) during 1999–2010. The findings also show a large area of disturbance, mostly located outside of the reserve. Mixed disturbance increased to almost 50 km<sup>2</sup> during 2010–2016, in the buffer zone and outside of the reserve. We recommend future works to apply our methods to other ecosystems, to compare the forest dynamics and disturbance inside and outside the protected area.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1285object-based classificationdeforestationwildfireAmur regionremote sensing |
| spellingShingle | Chulabush Khatancharoen Satoshi Tsuyuki Semyon V. Bryanin Konosuke Sugiura Tatsuyuki Seino Viktor V. Lisovsky Irina G. Borisova Naoya Wada Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far East Remote Sensing object-based classification deforestation wildfire Amur region remote sensing |
| title | Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far East |
| title_full | Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far East |
| title_fullStr | Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far East |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far East |
| title_short | Long-Time Interval Satellite Image Analysis on Forest-Cover Changes and Disturbances around Protected Area, Zeya State Nature Reserve, in the Russian Far East |
| title_sort | long time interval satellite image analysis on forest cover changes and disturbances around protected area zeya state nature reserve in the russian far east |
| topic | object-based classification deforestation wildfire Amur region remote sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1285 |
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