High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria
<i>Giardia duodenalis</i> is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of <i>G. duodenalis</i> and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children (<i>n</i&...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/3/152 |
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| author | Muyideen K. Tijani Pamela C. Köster Isabel Guadano-Procesi Imo S. George Elizabeth Abodunrin Adedamola Adeola Alejandro Dashti Begoña Bailo David González-Barrio David Carmena |
| author_facet | Muyideen K. Tijani Pamela C. Köster Isabel Guadano-Procesi Imo S. George Elizabeth Abodunrin Adedamola Adeola Alejandro Dashti Begoña Bailo David González-Barrio David Carmena |
| author_sort | Muyideen K. Tijani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of <i>G. duodenalis</i> and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children (<i>n</i> = 311) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Microscopy was used as a screening method and PCR and Sanger sequencing as confirmatory and genotyping methods, respectively. Haplotype analyses were performed to examine associations between genetic variants and epidemiological variables. At microscopy examination, <i>G. duodenalis</i> was the most prevalent parasite found (29.3%, 91/311; 95% CI: 24.3–34.7), followed by <i>Entamoeba</i> spp. (18.7%, 58/311; 14.5–23.4), <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (1.3%, 4/311; 0.4–3.3), and <i>Taenia</i> sp. (0.3%, 1/311; 0.01–1.8). qPCR confirmed the presence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in 76.9% (70/91) of the microscopy-positive samples. Of them, 65.9% (60/91) were successfully genotyped. Assemblage B (68.3%, 41/60) was more prevalent than assemblage A (28.3%, 17/60). Mixed A + B infections were identified in two samples (3.3%, 2/60). These facts, together with the absence of animal-adapted assemblages, suggest that human transmission of giardiasis was primarily anthroponotic. Efforts to control <i>G. duodenalis</i> (and other fecal-orally transmitted pathogens) should focus on providing safe drinking water and improving sanitation and personal hygiene practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:48:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa2e6ac06dc74f5f9e73e195386d5f90 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:48:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa2e6ac06dc74f5f9e73e195386d5f902023-11-17T14:15:09ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662023-02-018315210.3390/tropicalmed8030152High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, NigeriaMuyideen K. Tijani0Pamela C. Köster1Isabel Guadano-Procesi2Imo S. George3Elizabeth Abodunrin4Adedamola Adeola5Alejandro Dashti6Begoña Bailo7David González-Barrio8David Carmena9Cellular Parasitology Programme, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, NigeriaParasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalyCellular Parasitology Programme, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, NigeriaCellular Parasitology Programme, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, NigeriaCellular Parasitology Programme, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, NigeriaParasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, SpainParasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, SpainParasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, SpainParasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain<i>Giardia duodenalis</i> is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of <i>G. duodenalis</i> and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children (<i>n</i> = 311) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Microscopy was used as a screening method and PCR and Sanger sequencing as confirmatory and genotyping methods, respectively. Haplotype analyses were performed to examine associations between genetic variants and epidemiological variables. At microscopy examination, <i>G. duodenalis</i> was the most prevalent parasite found (29.3%, 91/311; 95% CI: 24.3–34.7), followed by <i>Entamoeba</i> spp. (18.7%, 58/311; 14.5–23.4), <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (1.3%, 4/311; 0.4–3.3), and <i>Taenia</i> sp. (0.3%, 1/311; 0.01–1.8). qPCR confirmed the presence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in 76.9% (70/91) of the microscopy-positive samples. Of them, 65.9% (60/91) were successfully genotyped. Assemblage B (68.3%, 41/60) was more prevalent than assemblage A (28.3%, 17/60). Mixed A + B infections were identified in two samples (3.3%, 2/60). These facts, together with the absence of animal-adapted assemblages, suggest that human transmission of giardiasis was primarily anthroponotic. Efforts to control <i>G. duodenalis</i> (and other fecal-orally transmitted pathogens) should focus on providing safe drinking water and improving sanitation and personal hygiene practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/3/152intestinal parasitesgiardiasistransmissiondiarrheaepidemiologyAfrica |
| spellingShingle | Muyideen K. Tijani Pamela C. Köster Isabel Guadano-Procesi Imo S. George Elizabeth Abodunrin Adedamola Adeola Alejandro Dashti Begoña Bailo David González-Barrio David Carmena High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease intestinal parasites giardiasis transmission diarrhea epidemiology Africa |
| title | High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria |
| title_full | High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria |
| title_short | High Diversity of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria |
| title_sort | high diversity of i giardia duodenalis i assemblages and sub assemblages in asymptomatic school children in ibadan nigeria |
| topic | intestinal parasites giardiasis transmission diarrhea epidemiology Africa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/3/152 |
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